去中心化交易所 (DEXs) 是加密貨幣交易方式的一大革新,讓用家能夠於點對點市場直接進行數字資產買賣,毋須中介機構參與。跟中心化交易所不同,DEXs 利用區塊鏈及智能合約技術促成交易,用戶全程掌控資產,無需交出資金託管權。在去中心化金融(DeFi)不斷演變下,DEXs 成為加密生態系統中的基石,體現了區塊鏈的核心精神:透明、安全和去中心化。
什麼是去中心化交易所?
去中心化交易所是一種點對點市場平台,用戶可直接買賣加密貨幣,毋須交出資產託管權。DEXs 依賴智能合約 ─ 即自動執行的區塊鏈程式 ─ 按預設規則自動處理交易,消除中間人環節,把控制權交回用戶,同時降低對手方風險。
DEXs 運行於區塊鏈技術之上,所有交易均在不可更改、可追溯的帳本內記錄。每當用戶發起交易,訊息會廣播至網絡,由參與者驗證並永久登記,確保整個過程公開透明及具合法性。
非託管模式是 DEXs 的重要優勢。用戶直接用個人錢包連接交易平台,同時持有私鑰 ─ 用於存取區塊鏈資產的密碼。不設集體資金池,大幅降低因交易所被駭客或內部詐騙而損失資產的風險。
DEXs 亦提升私隱保障,一般只需最少個人資訊,與中心化平台因法規合規(如 KYC 及 AML)需大量用戶資料相反。此外,DEXs 可無縫連接其他 DeFi 協議,創建更複雜的金融服務,讓用戶靈活結合各式工具。
去中心化交易所如何運作
過程由用戶將加密貨幣錢包連接至 DEX 介面開始。傳統金融服務需開設帳戶及驗證身份,DEX 則只需如 MetaMask 或 Trust Wallet 等兼容錢包。這步驟建立了安全連接通道,用戶與交易所智能合約直接互動。
連接後,用戶選擇想交易的加密貨幣及相關數量和參數。發起交易時,智能合約會根據現有資金池和價格計算演算法進行分析。自動做市商(AMM)型 DEX 會計算對資金池價格的影響;訂單簿型 DEX 則會與現有訂單作撮合。
用戶確認交易細節後,利用錢包的私鑰對操作進行數碼簽署,只授權該次智能合約可以操作相關代幣。完成簽署後,交易會廣播到區塊鏈網絡,進入待驗證交易佇列。
當區塊鏈共識機制將交易寫入帳本時,DEX 的智能合約正式執行資產轉換。整個過程由區塊鏈記錄所有細節,形成可審計的歷史數據,加強用戶對平台的信任。
當交易確認後,換得的資產會直接顯示於用戶錢包,DEX 從未真正託管過任何資金。這種非託管模式徹底消除中心化交易所的對手風險及中間人的介入。
去中心化交易所模式類型
自動做市商(AMMs)是最廣泛採用的模型,代表如 Uniswap 平台。AMMs 用資金池取代傳統訂單簿,運用數學公式支援代幣兌換。常見的常數乘積公式(x × y = k)會隨交易自動調整價格。參與供應資金池的流動性提供者,按資金比例獲分成交易手續費。
訂單簿型 DEX 延續中心化交易所熟悉的買賣盤界面,但同時維持去中心化原則。這些平台會記錄不同價格的買賣盤,撮合要求互補的用戶。另有混合模式於鏈下保養訂單簿,鏈上完成成交,提高用戶體驗同時保留安全性。
DEX 聚合器解決市場支離破碎的問題,能即時瀏覽多個交易所找出最佳交易價格。以 1inch 為例,這類平台會自動分拆交易至多個流動性來源,以尋找最佳價格及減低滑點。
部分專門型 DEX 為特殊需求而設。如 Curve Finance 推出以穩定幣為主的交易所,用自訂公式優化流動性;Balancer 擴展 AMM 概念,容許自訂非50/50權重資產池;而像 dYdX 這類平台則將複雜衍生品引進非託管交易環境。
十大去中心化交易所
1. Uniswap:去中心化交易的先驅
Uniswap 無疑是去中心化交易界的領頭羊,率先引入自動做市商模型,革新了區塊鏈上的資產兌換。前西門子機械工程師 Hayden Adams 於 2018 年推出 Uniswap,成功解決早期 DEX 面對的流動性問題。
Uniswap V3 採用集中流動性新架構,流動性提供者可自訂資本分布於指定價格區間,而非分佈於全部價格曲線,大幅提高資本效率,並依代幣對波幅設立多重費用階層(0.05%、0.3%、1%)。
其治理代幣(UNI)用於分散式管理,可由持有人提案及表決協議更改。Uniswap 除以太坊主網外,亦已擴展至多個 Layer-2 網絡及其他公鏈,解決可擴展性問題,現時每日平均交易量約5.93億美元。
2. PancakeSwap:BNB鏈最強DEX
PancakeSwap 靠搶灘 BNB 鏈(前稱幣安智能鏈)而迅速冒起。2020年9月以太坊手續費極高時,PancakeSwap 提供了低費用、高確認速度的替代方案。
PancakeSwap 界面注重趣味感,色彩繽紛、遊戲化設計,與其他 DEX 的極簡風格截然不同。除了常規代幣兌換,還增設了質押、初始農場發售、預測市場、NFT 集合、彩票等功能。
其原生代幣 CAKE 賦予治理及質押獎勵功能。首輪在 BNB 鏈創下佳績後,亦相繼登陸以太坊、Aptos、Polygon zkEVM、zkSync、Arbitrum、Linea 和 Base 等多網絡,每日交易量約1.2億美元。
3. Curve Finance:穩定幣專用DEX
Curve Finance 通過為穩定幣和掛鉤資產設計專用交易方案,徹底改變 DEX 市場。由俄羅斯物理學者 Michael Egorov 於2020年創立,Curve 著眼於現有 AMM 無法高效處理穩定幣兌換,出現不必要滑點的問題。
Curve 的 StableSwap 機制將流動性集中於目標價格,同時處理細小偏離,大大提升了穩定幣對兌換利率。其設計容許非等值存入,相應穩定幣沒有價格劇烈波動特性。
Curve 治理代幣 CRV 推出創新鎖倉機制 vote-escrowed CRV(veCRV),要求持有人鎖定最大4年方可參與治理。結合 DeFi 生態,Curve 已由專精型 DEX 躍升至核心基礎設施,每日交易量約2.33億美元。
4. 1inch:DEX聚合器
1inch 革新去中心化交易市場,首創 DEX 聚合功能,為用戶整合多個平台的流動性。Sergej Kunz 與 Anton Bukov 於 2019 年創立 1inch,點出了用戶須自行比價的不便。
其 Pathfinder 演算法同時分析數十個流動性來源,必要時會將單一交易拆分至多所交易所完成,以實現最佳成交。1inch Limit Order Protocol 進一步容許設置條件單,只有達到指定價格才會成交,再配合專有的 Gas 優化技術降低成本。
1inch 積極拓展多鏈生態,現已適配 Ethereum、BNB Smart Chain、Polygon、Optimism、Arbitrum、Avalanche、Gnosis、Fantom、Klaytn 及 Aurora 等多條公鏈,日交易量約1.34億美元。 daily trading volume, the platform serves both retail users through its intuitive interface and sophisticated traders via its comprehensive API.
每日交易量,該平台透過其直觀介面為零售用戶提供服務,同時亦透過完善的 API 滿足專業交易員的需要。
5. SushiSwap: Community-Driven Exchange
SushiSwap emerged from one of DeFi's most dramatic episodes, beginning as a controversial Uniswap fork created by pseudonymous developer Chef Nomi in August 2020. The platform initially attracted attention through its aggressive "vampire mining" strategy, which successfully transferred over $1 billion in liquidity from Uniswap.
SushiSwap 源自 DeFi 歷史上其中一次最轟動的事件,於 2020 年 8 月由化名開發者 Chef Nomi 創建,作為一個具爭議性的 Uniswap 分叉。該平台最初以激進的「吸血鬼挖礦」策略吸引市場目光,成功將超過 10 億美元的流動性由 Uniswap 轉移過來。
SushiSwap quickly differentiated itself through rapid feature development, including BentoBox (an isolated vault system), Kashi (a specialized lending platform), Onsen (a rotating incentive program), and Miso (a launchpad for new tokens). These extensions transformed SushiSwap from a simple exchange into a comprehensive DeFi ecosystem.
SushiSwap 其後透過快速推陳出新的功能,迅速建立自身特色,包括 BentoBox(獨立保管庫系統)、Kashi(專門借貸平台)、Onsen(輪流激勵計劃)、以及 Miso(新代幣發射台)。這些擴充功能將 SushiSwap 由單純交易所升級成一個完整的 DeFi 生態圈。
The SUSHI token enables governance participation while directly capturing value from exchange operations, with 0.05% of trading fees distributed to stakers. SushiSwap has deployed versions on numerous networks including Arbitrum, Fantom, Avalanche, and Polygon, maintaining approximately $100 million in daily trading volume.
SUSHI 代幣讓持有人可參與治理,同時直接分享交易所營運的價值,當中 0.05% 的交易費用分派予代幣質押者。SushiSwap 已經在多個網絡啟動,包括 Arbitrum、Fantom、Avalanche 和 Polygon,每日交易量約維持在 1 億美元水平。
6. Balancer: Multi-Token Pools
Balancer revolutionized the AMM paradigm by introducing unprecedented flexibility into liquidity pool composition. Founded by Fernando Martinelli and Mike McDonald in 2020, Balancer enables the creation of pools containing up to eight different tokens with customizable weightings, essentially creating on-chain index funds where compositions reflect specific investment theses.
Balancer 打破了傳統自動做市商(AMM)模式,在流動池設計上引入前所未有的靈活性。由 Fernando Martinelli 及 Mike McDonald 於 2020 年創立,Balancer 允許用戶創建最多包含八種不同代幣的流動池,並可自訂每種資產的權重,類似鏈上指數基金,以反映特定投資理念。
The weighted math formula extends the constant product function to accommodate multiple assets with varying weights. Liquidity providers specify both the tokens to include and the desired weight for each, ranging from 1% to 99% of the pool's value. This mechanism inverts traditional portfolio management—the market pays providers for rebalancing their portfolios through trading activity.
加權數學公式將固定乘積函數(constant product)拓展至可支援多種資產及不同權重。流動性提供者可自行決定流動池所包含的代幣及各自的權重,權重範圍介乎池子總值的 1% 至 99%。這種機制顛倒了傳統投資組合管理邏輯—投資者反而可獲交易市場支付調倉(rebalancing)報酬。
Balancer's governance operates through its native BAL token, with a bicameral structure separating routine operational decisions from strategic resource allocation. The platform has deployed on Polygon and Arbitrum in addition to Ethereum, processing approximately $60.75 million in daily trading volume.
Balancer 透過原生的 BAL 代幣治理,採用雙層(bicameral)架構,將日常運作決策與策略性資源分配分開處理。除以太坊外,平台同時部署於 Polygon 與 Arbitrum,每日交易量約 6,075 萬美元。
7. 0x Protocol: Infrastructure for Decentralized Exchange
0x Protocol stands apart as an infrastructure layer powering numerous exchanges rather than a consumer-facing platform. Founded by Will Warren and Amir Bandeali in 2017, 0x identified a critical need for standardized exchange infrastructure that developers could integrate into their projects.
0x Protocol 以基礎建設層身分存在,為多個去中心化交易所(DEX)提供底層技術,而非直接面向零售用戶的平台。由 Will Warren 及 Amir Bandeali 於 2017 年創辦,0x 發現市場急需一套開發者可以直接整合的標準化交易所基建。
The protocol employs a hybrid approach to order management, with orders created and stored off-chain but settled through on-chain transactions when matched. This significantly reduces blockchain congestion and gas costs while supporting various market structures including limit orders, Dutch auctions, and batch auctions.
該協議採用混合型訂單管理模式:用戶可在鏈下建立並儲存訂單,當訂單成交時,再於鏈上完成結算。這種做法大幅減少區塊鏈擁塞及 gas 費用,同時支援各種市場所需的功能,如限價單、荷蘭拍賣及批量拍賣等。
Governance occurs through the native ZRX token, enabling stakeholders to participate in protocol development and resource allocation. 0x has pursued comprehensive multi-chain deployment across Ethereum, Base, Arbitrum, Optimism, Polygon, Binance Smart Chain, Avalanche, Scroll, Linea, and Blast, establishing itself as blockchain-agnostic infrastructure.
協議治理透過原生 ZRX 代幣實現,持有人可參與技術發展及資源分配。0x 已廣泛部署於以太坊、Base、Arbitrum、Optimism、Polygon、幣安智能鏈(BSC)、Avalanche、Scroll、Linea、以及 Blast 等多條公鏈,成為不依賴單一區塊鏈的通用基建。
8. IDEX: Hybrid Decentralized Exchange
IDEX pioneered the hybrid DEX model, combining blockchain settlement security with centralized order matching performance advantages. Founded in 2017 by Alex Wearn, IDEX utilizes a centralized order book and matching engine for instant execution while keeping asset control in user hands through smart contract settlement.
IDEX 開創混合型 DEX 模式,結合區塊鏈結算的安全性與中心化撮合的高效性能。由 Alex Wearn 於 2017 年創立,IDEX 採用中心化訂單簿及撮合引擎以實現即時成交,同時資產全程由用戶掌控,並透過智能合約完成結算。
The platform supports sophisticated order types including limit orders, stop-loss orders, and post-only orders, enabling trading strategies beyond simple market swaps. IDEX has embraced an omnichain approach to perpetual trading, offering leveraged contracts while maintaining its hybrid philosophy of off-chain matching with on-chain settlement.
平台支援多種進階訂單類型,包括限價單、止蝕單、僅掛單(post-only),為用戶提供超越簡單市價兌換的交易策略。IDEX 推動全鏈永續合約交易,提供槓桿合約,同時堅持離鏈撮合、鏈上結算的混合方案。
The IDEX token enables governance participation and security infrastructure through Proof-of-Stake consensus, with stakers receiving rewards from trading fees. The platform has deployed versions on multiple networks including Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, and Polkadot.
IDEX 代幣用於平台治理及安全機制,基於權益證明(Proof-of-Stake)共識,質押者可獲取交易費用分成。該平台已於以太坊、幣安智能鏈和 Polkadot 等多條公鏈上線。
9. TraderJoe: Emerging Multi-Chain DEX
TraderJoe emerged as a significant player by initially focusing on the Avalanche ecosystem, where it quickly established itself as the dominant trading platform. Founded in 2021, the exchange seized the opportunity presented by Avalanche's rising popularity, offering superior trading experiences through native chain optimizations.
TraderJoe 以專注 Avalanche 生態起家,短時間內已成該鏈主要的交易平台。於 2021 年成立,此交易所趁著 Avalanche 人氣急升,透過原生鏈路優化,為用戶帶來更佳交易體驗。
The platform's innovation accelerated with Liquidity Book, replacing the continuous curve of traditional AMMs with discrete price bins that concentrate liquidity at specific points. This approach combines order book and AMM advantages, allowing precise capital deployment while maintaining permissionless execution.
平台創新地推出 Liquidity Book,把傳統 AMM 的連續曲線,改用離散的價格區間(price bins),令流動性集中於特定價位。此做法結合了訂單簿與 AMM 優點,能更精確配置資本,同時維持去中心化、不設門檻的交易特質。
TraderJoe's governance centers around its JOE token, with stakers receiving portions of trading fees and token burns reducing circulating supply. The platform has expanded to Arbitrum and BNB Chain while extending beyond exchange functionality to include lending markets and structured products.
平台治理圍繞 JOE 代幣進行,質押者可獲分成,並透過代幣銷毀去減低流通供應。TraderJoe 亦已擴展至 Arbitrum 及 BNB Chain,除基本交易所功能外,亦加入借貸市場及結構性產品。
10. dYdX: Decentralized Derivatives Exchange
dYdX stands apart through its focus on derivatives trading, bringing perpetual futures and margin trading to non-custodial environments. Founded by former Coinbase engineer Antonio Juliano in 2017, dYdX identified a significant gap in the early DEX landscape: the absence of decentralized derivatives despite their dominance in centralized markets.
dYdX 以專注衍生品交易見稱,將永續合約及孖展交易帶到去中心化非託管環境。由前 Coinbase 工程師 Antonio Juliano 於 2017 年創立,dYdX 領先業界發現早期 DEX 缺乏去中心化衍生品市場,而這種產品在傳統中心化市場一直佔主導地位。
The platform's technical evolution reflects its pursuit of performance improvements, progressing from Ethereum mainnet to StarkEx (a layer-2 implementation using Zero-Knowledge Rollups) and subsequently launching a dedicated appchain built on the Cosmos SDK specifically optimized for derivatives trading.
平台技術歷程顯示其對性能提升的追求,由以太坊主網起步,再到採用 StarkEx(二層解決方案,運用零知識滾存技術),其後更基於 Cosmos SDK 建立專為衍生品優化的獨立應用鏈。
The trading experience closely resembles centralized derivatives exchanges, featuring an order book interface rather than AMM models. dYdX supports advanced order types including limit, stop, and trailing stop orders, creating a professional environment while maintaining non-custodial architecture.
其交易體驗極似中心化衍生品交易所,以訂單簿界面取代 AMM 形式。dYdX 支援多種複雜訂單(包括限價單、止蝕單及移動止蝕單),既提供專業體驗,同時維持非託管架構。
Advantages and Challenges of Decentralized Exchanges
Security advantages: represent DEXs' most compelling feature, fundamentally changing the risk profile for cryptocurrency traders. By implementing non-custodial models where users maintain complete asset control, DEXs eliminate the honeypot effect created when centralized platforms aggregate billions in customer funds. The deterministic, transparent execution of smart contracts removes possibilities of internal fraud or misappropriation.
安全優勢:去中心化交易所最具吸引力的特點所在,根本性改變了加密貨幣交易者的風險結構。通過採用非託管模式,讓用戶全權掌管自己資產,DEX 抵消了中心化交易平台集中管理巨額客戶資金時產生的「蜜罐效應」。而智能合約的確定性和透明執行,消除了內部欺詐或挪用資產的空間。
Permissionless accessibility: removes barriers to participation that characterize traditional financial systems. Most DEXs enable trading with nothing more than a cryptocurrency wallet, extending services to individuals excluded from conventional banking infrastructure. This openness creates more dynamic and inclusive trading environments where merit rather than institutional relationships determines market access.
開放准入:去除了傳統金融體系的參與門檻。大部分 DEX 只需加密貨幣錢包即可交易,進一步將服務覆蓋至未能使用主流銀行基建的人群。這種包容性和開放性,令市場更活躍多元,以實力而非人脈決定市場准入。
Liquidity challenges: persist as the most significant disadvantage, particularly for trading pairs beyond major cryptocurrencies. While leading DEXs have achieved impressive depth for popular tokens, fragmentation across numerous platforms creates inefficiencies compared to centralized exchanges, manifesting as wider spreads and greater slippage for larger orders.
流動性挑戰:依然是 DEX 最大缺點,尤其在熱門代幣以外的交易對表現嚴重不足。儘管主流 DEX 已為熱門代幣提供不錯深度,但眾多平台之間的流動性分散,令整體效率不及中心化交易所,大額訂單容易出現價差擴闊及滑點增加。
User experience limitations: have historically constrained adoption, particularly among less technical users. Requirements to manage private keys, understand gas fees, and navigate blockchain confirmations introduce friction points that can deter newcomers. While interface improvements and educational resources have mitigated these challenges, the technical knowledge required remains higher than for centralized alternatives.
用戶體驗限制:一直困擾推廣,尤其對缺乏技術背景的新手用戶。需要自行保管私鑰、理解 gas 費用及處理鏈上確認,這些繁複程序對入門用戶造成障礙。儘管介面改良及教學資源有所進步,DEX 所需技術知識門檻依然高於中心化平台。
The Future of Decentralized Exchanges
As technical innovations continue addressing current limitations, DEXs are poised to capture increasing market share from centralized alternatives. Layer-2 scaling solutions promise dramatic improvements in throughput and cost-efficiency, potentially eliminating performance gaps between DEXs and centralized platforms. Cross-chain infrastructure developments enable seamless asset movement between previously isolated networks while preserving decentralized architecture's security benefits.
隨著技術革新不斷克服現有限制,去中心化交易所有望進一步搶佔中心化競爭對手市場份額。Layer-2 擴容方案大幅提升交易吞吐及成本效益,有望消除 DEX 和中心化平台之間的性能差距。跨鏈基建發展,亦令不同網絡間的資產無縫流轉,同時保留去中心化架構的安全優勢。
User experience innovations target technical barriers limiting mainstream adoption. Account abstraction implementations eliminate specialized wallet requirements by enabling smart contract wallets with customizable security rules and recovery mechanisms. Fiat on-ramps integrated directly into DEX interfaces reduce the multi-step processes previously required to begin trading.
用戶體驗創新專門針對主流採用的技術障礙。賬戶抽象(account abstraction)令用戶不必再倚賴傳統錢包,透過智能合約錢包靈活設定安全規則及資產回收機制。法幣入金功能直接整合進 DEX 介面,大幅簡化以往繁瑣的入場流程。
As decentralized exchanges continue evolving, they increasingly fulfill blockchain's fundamental promise of financial sovereignty without intermediaries. Whether through specialized platforms optimized for specific trading requirements or comprehensive ecosystems offering diverse financial services, DEXs have permanently transformed how cryptocurrency users access markets while maintaining control over their digital assets.
隨著去中心化交易所持續進化,愈來愈能實現區塊鏈「去中介下實現財務自主」的根本理想。無論是針對特定交易需求而設的專業平台,還是提供多元金融服務的綜合生態圈,DEX 已經徹底改變了加密用戶接觸市場及管理個人資產的方式,同時繼續維持對數碼資產的自主權。

