去中心化實體基礎設施網絡（DePINs）作為一個顛覆性的概念，將 Web3 數碼世界與現實基建互聯。DePINs 運用區塊鏈技術和通證獎勵，打造去中心化資源管理方案，包括無線網絡、能源系統、數據儲存等，令基建全民參與，推動社區成長及韌性。
截至 2025 年 4 月，DePIN 範疇市值達到 143 億美元，反映其在加密及區塊鏈領域的影響力。據預測，整體可及市場規模由現時 2.2 兆美元增至 2028 年的 3.5 兆美元，顯示無限增長潛力。
本文將探討 DePIN 的定義、運作方式、優勢、所面對的挑戰及實例，亦將重點說明 Web3 激勵對其成功的推動作用。希望為對區塊鏈與實體基建交匯感興趣人士，提供一個全面圖像，剖析其革新行業、建立更公平及去中心化未來的潛力。
什麼是 DePIN？
DePIN 是基於區塊鏈的生態系統，旨在將傳統實體基建服務去中心化和通證化。與大企業控制的中心化架構不同，DePIN 讓個人及組織能夠為網絡貢獻實體或數碼資源，例如儲存空間、運算能力或無線連線等。
參與者可因貢獻而獲得加密通證獎勵，形成自我持續的生態圈。這模式呼應 Web3 的分散、透明與社區治理理念，並將此擴展至現實世界。
DePIN 的核心是把現實資產和服務通證化，連繫數碼與實體世界。例如在無線連網 DePIN 中，個人可架設热点並賺取通證作為覆蓋獎勵；於如 Filecoin 的儲存網絡，參與者能出租閒置硬碟空間以賺取 FIL 通證。
通證化共建經濟激勵架構，讓參與者積極推動網絡壯大及持續發展。Messari 預測 DePIN 市場現時 TAM 達 2.2 兆美元，2028 年將增至 3.5 兆美元。此增長背後動力來自區塊鏈加速普及及不同領域對高效、去中心化基建的渴求。
DePIN 主要分為兩種：物理資源網絡（PRNs）及數碼資源網絡（DRNs）。PRNs 專注於地理相關、非同質資源，如交通、能源網或無線連接，主要針對特定地區、無可替代。DRNs 則管理如儲存、頻寬或運算等可流通數碼資源，可跨地區彈性運用。
此分類協助釐清 DePIN 廣泛應用，包括本地基建如電網，到全球性雲端儲存。總括而言，DePIN 代表新典範，由社區參與者共管共建基建，不再被少數掌控，人人受惠於權益回報。
為何需要 DePIN？
DePIN 出現是針對傳統中心化基建多項局限。傳統系統易有單點故障、成本高及接入門檻大。例如能源分配上，中心化電網易因事故而中斷，且多受大型公用事業壟斷。
若以 DePIN 架構建立能源網路，則可讓眾多小型生產者和用戶透過區塊鏈互連，可 P2P 能源交易，使供應更可靠。通訊方面，傳統營運商往往難以涵蓋偏遠或欠缺服務地區，高昂成本成主因。諸如 Helium 的 DePIN 已證明，社區驅動的無線網絡能夠激勵個人設置熱點，從而提升覆蓋率。
此外，中心化基建涉及龐大初期投資及繁複規管，窒礙創新與推廣。DePIN 減省這些障礙，讓初創及個人不用巨額資金或繁複批核即可參與建設，尤其適合發展中國家資源不足地區。
DePIN 另一大優勢是韌性高。分散式架構不易出現單點失效，大幅提升服務可得性。例如分散式無線網絡即使部分熱點離線，整體運作仍然維持，相比中心化營運商更具彈性。
此外，DePIN 推動更快創新落地。例如去中心化儲存方案如 Filecoin 允許用戶出租閒置硬碟，毋須建設大型數據中心，降低成本，並能針對本地需求推陳出新。
社區驅動亦賦權參與者，讓其共享網絡成果，培養長遠投入感和歸屬。對於傳統供應未及之地區，這種模式尤其有助於建構可持續、包容性的基建。
總括而言，DePIN 通過提升接觸性、效率、韌性和創新，彌補中心化基建的不足，讓社群自主建立並管理重要服務，減少對大企業依賴。
DePIN 的運作模式
DePIN 推動增長的核心是“DePIN 飛輪”效應：用戶參與愈多，對儲存、頻寬、能源等資源需求愈大，令通證價值提升，自然吸引更多服務供應商投入硬件或服務以滿足需求。
供應商數量增加提升網絡容量及服務可靠性，改善用戶體驗並吸引更多人參與，構建可擴展且以社區為本、無需龐大中心化投資的系統。
DePIN 綜合實體基建、區塊鏈及通證獎勵。參與者可以貢獻硬件或服務，如出租硬碟空間、架設無線熱點或提供運算能力。區塊鏈技術作為數碼中樞，記錄交易、確保透明並透過智能合約執行規則。
以 Filecoin 為例，儲存供應商須以密碼學方式定期證明數據已妥善儲存，並鎖定押金，如未履行服務會被懲處，保障儲存可靠。Helium 熱點運營者則能根據覆蓋證明（PoC）機制賺取 HNT 通證，推動網絡擴展。
DePIN 的激勵模型針對所有參與者利益與網絡增長掛鈎。以賺取通證作回報，鼓勵參與者不斷維護及擴建基建，形成可持續生態圈。通證可於交易所換售、質押以換取額外獎勵，或於生態內用作服務，促進長遠投入。
智能合約自動執行交易及分配獎勵，減少中介、提升信任。例如能源型 DePIN（如 Powerledger）利用智能合約自動執行 P2P 能源交易。
安全亦是 DePIN 關鍵，因網絡依賴分布各地的硬體設施，需採用完善加密技術及社群治理以防網絡攻擊及保障私隱。分散架構同時消除單點故障，比中心化系統更抗災。
總括而言，DePIN 運作是結合實體基建與區塊鏈，構建透明、可靠且以通證作激勵的去中心化基建方案，實現 Web3 願景。
DePIN 應用場景
DePIN 涵蓋多個領域，利用去中心化模式提升效率和可及性。主要應用之一為去中心化存儲，例如 Filecoin、Arweave 與 Sia，以租賃用戶儲存空間作為中心化雲儲存的替代方案。
這些網絡提供安全及私隱更高、價格更吸引的數據儲存選擇，減少數據外洩風險、提升市場效率。如 Filecoin 已有逾 3,000 名供應商，體現規模和增長潛力。
另一重要應用是無線連接，以 Helium 為例，已部署逾百萬個熱點... to create a decentralized wireless network for IoT devices. Helium’s success demonstrates how community-driven networks can provide cost-effective alternatives to traditional telecom providers, offering long-range, economical coverage for IoT devices and beyond.
建立去中心化嘅無線網路俾物聯網裝置使用。Helium嘅成功證明咗由社群推動嘅網絡，能夠提供比傳統電訊商更加經濟實惠嘅選擇，為物聯網裝置等提供遠距離、低成本嘅覆蓋範圍。
In the energy sector, DePINs facilitate decentralized energy grids where producers (e.g., solar panel owners) can sell excess energy directly to consumers. Projects like Powerledger enable peer-to-peer energy trading, promoting green solutions and reducing reliance on centralized utilities.
喺能源行業，DePINs可以推動去中心化嘅能源電網令生產者（如太陽能板業主）可以直接將多餘能源賣俾消費者。好似Powerledger呢啲項目就實現咗點對點能源交易，推廣綠色解決方案同減少對中心化公用事業嘅依賴。
Mobility and transportation are also being transformed by DePINs, with platforms like DRIFE offering ride-sharing services built on blockchain, where drivers are rewarded with tokens for their services. Similarly, DIMO AutoPI creates a mobility network that rewards users for sharing data from their vehicles, enhancing transparency and efficiency in the transportation sector.
出行同運輸業都因為DePINs而有重大改變，好似DRIFE呢啲平台利用區塊鏈技術提供共乘服務，司機可以因為服務而獲得代幣回報。同樣，DIMO AutoPI就成立咗一個出行網路，參與者分享車輛數據就可以獲得獎勵，提升咗交通行業嘅透明度同效率。
Sensor networks represent another innovative use case, with projects like Smartpoint and PlanetWatch using decentralized sensor networks to collect environmental data. Participants deploy sensors and earn tokens for providing accurate data, fostering community-driven environmental monitoring.
感應器網路係另一類創新應用，好似Smartpoint同PlanetWatch咁，利用去中心化網絡收集環境數據。參加者安裝感應器並提供準確數據就可以領取代幣獎勵，推動社群主導嘅環境監測。
These use cases illustrate the versatility of DePINs and their potential to disrupt traditional infrastructure models across multiple industries. For instance, Helium has expanded to include Helium Mobile, with significant signups in a year, and partners with major networks like Telefónica for coverage, demonstrating its growing adoption.
呢啲例子展示咗DePINs嘅多功能性，以及佢哋有潛力動搖多個行業傳統基礎建設模式。好似Helium咁，佢已經擴展到Helium Mobile，喺一年內錄得大量用戶註冊，亦夥拍大型網絡商如Telefónica，顯示佢嘅採用率持續上升。
Similarly, Filecoin’s decentralized storage model offers a safer, more reliable alternative to centralized providers like AWS or Dropbox, reducing vulnerabilities and improving pricing efficiency. These examples highlight how DePINs can create more equitable and resilient infrastructure landscapes, aligning with the broader Web3 narrative.
同樣，Filecoin嘅去中心化儲存模式比集中式供應商（如AWS或Dropbox）更安全、更可靠，減低漏洞風險同提升價格效率。呢啲例子突顯咗DePINs如何創造更公平、更有彈性嘅基建生態，符合Web3大趨勢。
Building a DePIN
Creating a DePIN involves several key steps that combine technological expertise with community engagement. The first step is defining objectives, which involves clearly outlining what the DePIN aims to achieve - whether it’s providing wireless connectivity, storage solutions, or energy distribution. This requires a thorough understanding of the target market and the specific needs it addresses, such as bridging the digital divide in underserved areas or promoting renewable energy adoption.
建立一個DePIN涉及幾個關鍵步驟，結合技術專長同社群參與。第一步就係定立目標，要清楚講明DePIN想達成咩——無論係提供無線連接、儲存方案，定係能源分配。呢一步要深入了解目標市場同解決嘅具體需求，好似縮窄偏遠地區數碼鴻溝，或者推動再生能源使用等等。
Next is choosing a blockchain platform, which must meet the project’s needs in terms of scalability, security, and cost. For example, Ethereum is popular for its smart contract capabilities, while IoTeX offers specialized features for IoT and DePINs, simplifying deployment through tools like W3bstream devnet IoTeX, which can reduce capital costs by an order of magnitude and time from years to weeks.
之後要揀選一個合適嘅區塊鏈平台，要考慮擴展性、保安同成本。例如Ethereum因為智能合約功能而受歡迎，而IoTeX則針對IoT同DePINs提供專門技術，仲有W3bstream devnet IoTeX呢啲工具，可以大幅減低資本成本，由原本計年計嘅時間縮短到計星期就完成部署。
Establishing token economics is crucial, as it involves designing a token model that incentivizes participation and aligns with the network’s goals. This includes deciding on token distribution, reward mechanisms, and governance structures, ensuring that participants are motivated to contribute and maintain the network.
設計代幣經濟系統都好重要，需要制定一套代幣模，用嚟激勵參與者同對齊網絡目標。包括決定代幣分配、獎勵機制同治理架構，確保所有參加者有動力參與同維護網絡。
Developing smart contracts is another critical step, as these contracts automate transactions and reward distribution, requiring security audits to prevent vulnerabilities. For instance, in energy distribution DePINs, smart contracts facilitate peer-to-peer energy trading by automatically executing transactions when certain conditions are met. Deploying hardware is also essential, depending on the type of DePIN - wireless networks might require setting up hotspots, while storage solutions might involve connecting hard drives to the network.
開發智能合約都係其中一個重要環節，智能合約負責自動執行交易同分發獎勵，亦要經過保安審查避免漏洞。例如，喺能源分配DePIN中，智能合約可以自動執行點對點能源交易，當特定條件達成就會自動處理。部署硬件都必須視乎DePIN嘅類型——好似無線網路要安裝hotspot，而儲存解決方案就要將硬碟連接到網絡。
Engaging the community is vital for success, as it involves attracting participants by offering clear incentives and building a supportive community through marketing, educational campaigns, and partnerships. For example, Helium raised $360 million to build its DePIN protocol, highlighting the importance of community funding and engagement.
社群參與成功與否至為關鍵，要吸引參加者就要提供明確獎勵，再透過營銷、教育活動和夥伴合作建立有支持力嘅社群。以Helium為例，籌得三億六千萬美元用嚟發展其DePIN協議，突顯社群融資同參與有幾重要。
Ensuring security is paramount, as decentralized networks must protect against cyber threats while maintaining data privacy, using encryption techniques and decentralized governance models. Tools like IoTeX’s W3bstream devnet can simplify the deployment process, reducing both time and cost, making it easier for projects to scale. In summary, building a DePIN requires a strategic approach that balances technological innovation with community involvement.
確保安全性至為重要，去中心化網路要既防範網絡攻擊，又保持數據私隱，需用加密技術同去中心化治理模式。好似IoTeX W3bstream devnet呢類工具可以簡化部署流程，節省時間同成本，令項目擴展變得容易。總括而言，建構DePIN需要策略平衡技術創新同社群參與。
Challenges and Considerations
While DePINs hold immense promise, they also face several challenges that must be addressed for widespread adoption. Scalability is a significant concern, as ensuring that the network can handle increasing demand without compromising performance is crucial as more users join.
雖然DePINs潛力無限，但要做到廣泛應用仲有幾多難題要解決。擴展性係其中一大考慮，因為隨住更多人參與，網絡要能夠有效應付增加嘅需求之餘，又唔可以影響服務表現。
For instance, as more participants contribute resources, the infrastructure must scale efficiently to maintain service quality, which can be technically complex. Interoperability is another hurdle, as connecting different DePINs and integrating them with existing infrastructure is essential for creating a cohesive ecosystem. Lack of standardization could limit cross-network functionality, hindering adoption.
例如，越多參加者貢獻資源，基建就要有效擴展先可以確保服務質素，技術層面唔容易搞掂。互通性都係一大障礙，因為要連接不同DePIN同現有基建，先可以建立完整生態系統。如果標準化不足，會令跨網絡操作有限，影響推廣。
Participants must trust the network to safeguard their information, especially in industries like healthcare or finance, where data breaches can have severe consequences. Regulatory hurdles also pose challenges, as navigating legal frameworks around physical infrastructure and cryptocurrencies varies by jurisdiction. This regulatory uncertainty could slow adoption, particularly in regulated sectors like telecoms, where compliance with local laws is essential.
參加者要信任網絡能夠保護佢哋嘅資料，尤其喺醫療或金融等行業，數據外洩影響可以好嚴重。法規挑戰都唔少，因為處理實體基建同加密貨幣相關法律唔同地方有唔同，法規不明朗會拖慢採納步伐，尤其對需要嚴格遵守本地法例嘅電訊行業影響大。
Additionally, mass adoption depends on reaching a critical mass of participants willing to contribute resources, which may be deterred by high initial costs, lack of technical expertise, or unclear short-term benefits.
大規模普及都要有足夠多參與者肯貢獻資源。如果初期成本高、缺乏技術人才，或短期回報唔明顯，都會阻礙擴展。
Overcoming these challenges will require robust protocols, standardization efforts, and collaboration between projects, regulators, and industry stakeholders. Education and showcasing successful case studies will also be key to overcoming market resistance, particularly in regions where the advantages of decentralization may not be immediately apparent to users accustomed to traditional infrastructure.
解決呢啲問題要有健全協議、推動標準化同加強項目、監管部門、業界之間合作。加強教育同多啲展示成功案例都十分重要，特別係對慣咗用傳統基建，又未見到去中心化好處嘅地區，用呢啲方法可以減低市場抗拒。
While challenges exist, the potential for DePINs to transform infrastructure is significant, provided these hurdles are addressed effectively.
雖然挑戰唔細，但如果可以有效解決，DePINs顛覆基建模式嘅潛力實在唔容忽視。
Market Statistics and Growth
The growth of DePINs is evident not only in adoption trends but also in market capitalization and user participation. As of April 2025, the DePIN sector boasts a total market cap of approximately $14.3 billion, with major contributors like Filecoin, Helium, and Arweave leading the charge. Filecoin alone accounts for over 50% of this figure, underlining the viability of decentralized storage as a cornerstone of the DePIN movement. Helium, meanwhile, has surpassed 1 million deployed hotspots globally, reflecting tangible infrastructure deployment and significant user participation.
DePINs嘅增長唔單只係採用率提高，市值同用戶參與度都大幅提升。截至2025年4月，DePIN領域總市值約為143億美元，主要由Filecoin、Helium、Arweave等領軍。就以Filecoin為例，一己佔咗成個市場超過一半，足證去中心化儲存係DePINs生態嘅基石。而Helium全球部署熱點已經突破一百萬個，實體基建規模同用戶參與都見有目共睹。
Projections from Messari place the total addressable market for DePINs at $2.2 trillion today, with expectations of reaching $3.5 trillion by 2028. This growth is fueled by broader adoption of IoT devices, increased demand for edge computing, and a general trend toward decentralization. Statista forecasts over 25 billion connected IoT devices by 2028, many of which could directly interact with or be supported by DePIN infrastructure. These trends suggest an accelerating convergence between physical and digital infrastructure, where DePINs will play a foundational role.
Messari預計目前DePINs潛在市場規模高達2.2萬億美元，預計2028年會增長至3.5萬億美元。呢個增長來自物聯網裝置普及、邊緣運算需求上升同全球去中心化大潮。Statista預測2028年會有超過250億個物聯網裝置連線，其中唔少都會直接互動或以DePIN基建作支撐。呢啲趨勢都顯示實體基建同數碼基建嘅融合加快，而DePINs將會成為其中嘅基石。
Investor interest further underscores this momentum. DePIN-related projects have collectively raised hundreds of millions in funding. Helium alone secured $360 million to expand its 5G network and token model, while newer entrants like DIMO and Powerledger continue to attract ecosystem funding. VCs and strategic investors increasingly view DePINs as a key pillar in the Web3 landscape, akin to DeFi or NFTs in earlier cycles.
投資者興趣更加證明呢個勢頭。DePIN相關項目總共籌得數億美元，單係Helium已經籌得3億6千萬美元用嚟擴展5G網絡同代幣經濟，新進如DIMO、Powerledger等繼續吸引生態資金投入。風險投資者同行業策略夥伴越來越睇好DePINs會成為Web3生態新支柱，好似之前DeFi同NFT發展咁。
FInal thoughts
DePINs represent a transformative shift in how infrastructure is built, accessed, and governed. By decentralizing ownership and control, they offer a more resilient, inclusive, and community-driven alternative to traditional infrastructure systems. From wireless networks and storage to energy grids and transportation, DePINs are redefining what’s possible when real-world systems intersect with Web3 principles.
DePINs代表住基建興建、管理同使用方式嘅翻天覆地轉變。透過去中心化管理權同所有權，帶嚟比傳統基建更有彈性、更具包容性同更貼近社群需要嘅選擇。無論無線網絡、儲存、能源電網還是交通運輸，DePINs都重塑緊實體世界系統結合Web3理念後嘅可能性。
Despite hurdles such as regulatory uncertainty, security concerns, and the need for broader education, the long-term outlook for DePINs remains promising. Projects like Filecoin, Helium, and Powerledger demonstrate the tangible impact of this model, while ongoing innovation - particularly around interoperability, scalability, and incentive structures - will likely unlock even greater potential.
雖然有法規不明朗、安全憂慮同需大力推廣等難關要過，DePINs嘅長遠前景依然樂觀。Filecoin、Helium、Powerledger等項目已經顯示咗呢種模式有幾實際；日後如果能夠持續創新——例如互操作性、擴展性同激勵制度——相信成就會更大。
As the world becomes more connected and the demand for decentralized alternatives grows, DePINs stand poised to be a foundational element of the next generation of infrastructure - democratized, tokenized, and powered by the people.
隨住世界越嚟越互聯、去中心化方案需求加劇，DePINs好大機會成為新一代基建嘅基石——全民共享、代幣化、由用戶驅動。