四月初,隨著標普500指數因就業數據優於預期而上升1.5%,比特幣亦在數小時內上漲3.2%。以太幣隨後錄得2.8%的升幅,主流交易所的成交量亦急增至比30日平均高出27%。這種同步的波動並非偶然——正反映自比特幣誕生以來,加密貨幣市場與傳統股票市場之間日趨複雜的關係。
對於投資者、交易員及金融分析師來說,明白這種關係已成為制定有效市場策略的關鍵。隨著數碼資產由邊緣試驗成長為與主流金融接軌、總值約4.2萬億美元的市場,其與股票之關聯亦曾經加深、減弱,並以不同方式演變,值得細意剖析。
當中本聰於2009年創立比特幣時,加密貨幣基本上與華爾街(Wall Street)市場隔絕。早期的加密擁躉視其為傳統金融的替代品——一種能避開常規市場波動和中央銀行政策的數碼資產類別。
這種獨立的故事線一直持續至2017年比特幣首個大牛市。當時幣價飆升近1,400%,但與主要股票指數的相關性極低。2017年比特幣與標普500指數的皮爾森相關系數僅為0.15,顯示相關性極低。
在2019冠狀病毒疫情引發史無前例的市場波動時,2020年3月流動性危機期間,比特幣與股票市場一度同步大跌。此時的相關系數躍升至0.6——這在數年前是不敢想像的。
隨著機構投資者進場,這種融合進一步加快。至2023年,比特幣成交量約有74%來自機構玩家,相比2017年僅為20%。大型企業將比特幣納入資產負債表,傳統金融機構紛紛開設加密貨幣交易部門及產品。
來到2025年,這種關係更加成熟。據彭博終端數據,過去一年比特幣與納指30日滾動相關性平均為0.51——明顯高於歷史水平,且在不同時期有趨同與背馳的現象。
加密貨幣為何與股票同步
投資者基礎重疊
最直接的聯繫來自共同的投資者。過往對加密貨幣持懷疑態度的機構投資者,如今將部分資產配置到數碼資產。當這些大戶調整整體風險水平時,兩個市場都會同時產生漣漪效應。
金融數據公司Chainalysis報告指,機構投資者現時控制約63%比特幣流通供應,較2021年的48%大幅提升。這些機構同時持有可觀股票部位,構成天然的聯繫途徑。
風險情緒轉換
加密貨幣已確立為「風險資產」(risk-on),通常在投資者對經濟前景樂觀、追求高回報時表現較佳。市況不穩或出現壓力時,這些投資者往往同時減持加密貨幣及高增長股票,轉向如國債或黃金等較保守選擇。
聯儲局的貨幣政策極具代表性。2025年1月聯儲局釋出減息訊號時,納指和比特幣同步上升——納指三天升3.1%,比特幣急升7.2%。相反,3月通脹數據超預期,兩市同時大幅回調。
金融與科技創新重疊
金融科技與加密貨幣基建融合,亦拉近兩市的距離。大型金融機構現已同時提供傳統及加密資產交易,區塊鏈技術越來越多與主流金融結合。
這種科技橫向發展延伸至市場基建。2025年2月,貝萊德的現貨以太坊ETF在NYSE上市,首月已吸納超過50億美元資產。這類產品直接將加密資產價格連結至傳統交易所機制及投資者行為。
天作之合還是偶然同路?
加密貨幣與科技股之間的相關性尤其值得關注。自2022年以來,比特幣與納指的相關性(平均係數0.45-0.65)明顯高於與標指(通常0.35-0.55)。
這種關係加深主要有以下幾個原因:
技術基礎
兩者同樣建基於創新科技。推動科技股估值的因素——如運算能力提升、網絡效應和數碼轉型——同樣惠及加密貨幣生態。
例如2025年2月Nvidia公佈AI技術突破,股價即升9.2%。同期注重AI題材的加密幣如Render Token和Fetch.ai亦分別升12.6%及15.1%,顯示科技進步對兩個板塊均具推動力。
財務表現指標
科技公司及加密項目有類似的財政特徵:同樣著重增長多於即時盈利,依賴網絡效應,並可因預期未來潛力而獲得高估值,而非現時盈利狀況。
因此兩者對利率變動特別敏感,因息率直接影響未來現金流的現值。2025年3月聯儲局上調利率預測時,納指與主要加密貨幣均出現類似跌幅,反映投資者重新評估增長型資產價值。
人才流動
傳統科技公司與加密項目之間的人才流動,進一步拉近兩者關聯。僅2024年,就有逾3,800名專業人士由FAANG(Facebook/Meta,Apple,Amazon,Netflix,Google/Alphabet)轉到加密企業,據LinkedIn數據。
這種知識及理念的交流,使兩個領域在發展及市場反應上更加趨同。
加密貨幣如何自闢蹊徑
儘管相關性增強,加密貨幣市場仍不時脫離股市走勢——這種現象稱為「脫鈎」,充分體現加密市場獨特的運作機制。
法規催化劑
加密市場對監管發展高度敏感,某些情況甚至對主流股票幾乎無影響。2025年3月,美國證交會專為去中心化金融平台批准一項監管框架,DeFi板塊兩天內勁升18.3%,而主要股票指數則幾乎無波動。
反過來,當歐洲監管機構於2月宣布加重加密稅務規定,比特幣即跌6.7%,即使當天股市造好。這類政策驅動的脫鈎,展現監管消息可短暫影響相關走勢。
供應規律及技術事件
相比股票,許多加密幣有預設的供應規律及技術事件,對價格影響獨立於整體市況。例如比特幣2024年4月進行第四次「減半」,新幣發行速度下降,隨後的三個月,比特幣與納指的相關性跌至僅0.21,而幣價亦大幅超越股票表現。
其他技術性因素,如主網升級或代幣釋放等,也會引發加密資產自行走勢,致使與傳統市場短暫失聯。
新興市場採納
在貨幣動盪或銀行基建薄弱的地區,加密貨幣採納可帶動獨立需求,不受已發展市場左右。2024年下半年阿根廷爆發貨幣危機,當地加密交易量暴增347%,比特幣對披索溢價一度高達全球價的12%,幾乎與美股走勢無關。
這種地區採納動力增強抗跌力。據Chainalysis數據,2024年新興市場加密交易量增長38%,而成熟經濟體僅增17%,用戶基礎因而愈趨獨立於傳統金融市場。
驅動兩市的無形之手
儘管特定事件可觸發脫鈎,最終加密與股票市場同樣受制於宏觀經濟大環境,這正是長遠相關性的根基。
通脹與貨幣政策
各國央行動作,長期以來都是同時主導兩市的關鍵力量。2025年1月,聯儲局主席鮑威爾暗示暫緩加息,標普500與比特幣翌日齊現升幅——股票升1.8%,比特幣24小時內抽升4.3%。
通脹數據亦能推動兩市同步波動。4月份消費者物價指數顯示通脹放緩至2.4%,再度帶動股票及加密貨幣齊升,投資者寄望貨幣政策將更寬鬆。
Growth Indicators
增長指標
Broader economic indicators consistently influence both asset classes. Strong employment reports, manufacturing data, and consumer spending figures typically boost both stocks and cryptocurrencies, while signs of economic contraction pressure both markets downward.
更廣泛的經濟指標一向影響住呢兩類資產。強勁嘅就業報告、生產數據同消費支出數字通常都會推高股票同加密貨幣,而經濟收縮跡象就會拖累兩個市場下跌。
This shared sensitivity to economic fundamentals creates a backbone of correlation that persists despite periodic divergences. First-quarter GDP data exceeding expectations in April 2025 corresponded with multi-week rallies in both markets, with the S&P 500 gaining 4.2% and Bitcoin rising 7.8% over the subsequent 10 trading days.
因為兩者都對經濟基本因素敏感,所以形成咗一種持續存在嘅相關性主幹,即使偶爾會出現分歧也不例外。2025年4月,第一季GDP數據超預期,雙方市場都出現多星期升勢,標普500指數升咗4.2%,而比特幣10個交易日內升咗7.8%。
Global Risk Sentiment
全球風險情緒
Geopolitical developments and shifts in global risk appetite affect capital flows across all asset classes. The regional banking crisis of March 2023 demonstrated how contagion fears can spread across financial systems, impacting both traditional and digital assets simultaneously.
地緣政治變化同全球風險取向轉變會影響資金在所有資產類別之間流動。2023年3月區域性銀行危機就證明咗恐慌會點樣蔓延至金融體系,令傳統資產同數碼資產同時受壓。
More recently, tensions in the South China Sea in February 2025 triggered risk-off sentiment that affected both markets, with the Nasdaq dropping 2.7% and Bitcoin falling 4.5% in a single trading session. Such events reinforce the reality that both markets now exist within the same global financial ecosystem, subject to similar investor psychology and risk assessment.
最近,2025年2月南海局勢升溫就引發市場避險情緒,拖累兩邊市場,納斯達克單日跌咗2.7%,比特幣當日亦跌咗4.5%。呢啲事件進一步證明兩個市場依家實際上已經屬於同一個全球金融生態圈,面對類似投資者心理同行為。
Institutional Integration
機構參與
The growing institutional presence in cryptocurrency markets represents perhaps the most significant factor driving correlation with traditional equities. This integration has accelerated dramatically in recent years, reshaping market dynamics.
愈來愈多機構參與加密貨幣市場,可能係推動佢同傳統股票市場掛鈎嘅最重要因素。呢個融合近年急劇加快,重塑市場動態。
ETFs and Traditional Financial Products
ETF同傳統金融產品
The approval of spot Bitcoin ETFs in January 2024 marked a watershed moment, bringing billions in institutional capital to the cryptocurrency market through familiar investment vehicles. By May 2025, these ETFs collectively managed over $36 billion in assets, with daily trading volumes regularly exceeding $1.2 billion.
2024年1月,比特幣現貨ETF獲批成為分水嶺,透過大家熟悉的投資工具,為加密市場帶來幾十億美元機構資金。到2025年5月,呢啲ETF合共資產管理逾360億美元,每日成交額穩定超過12億美元。
This development created direct transmission mechanisms between equity market flows and cryptocurrency valuations. When broad market selling pressure emerged in March 2025, Bitcoin ETFs experienced outflows of $420 million over five trading days, contributing to downward pressure on Bitcoin's price that mirrored broader equity market declines.
呢個變化建立直接傳導機制,將股票市場資金流動同加密貨幣價格掛鈎。2025年3月大市承壓,比特幣ETF係五個交易日內流出4.2億美元,同步拖低比特幣價錢,反映大市整體跌勢。
Corporate Treasury Adoption
企業財資配置
Major corporations continuing to add Bitcoin and other digital assets to their balance sheets further cements the relationship between cryptocurrencies and corporate financial health. As of April 2025, 32 public companies held Bitcoin worth over $12 billion on their balance sheets, according to Bitcoin Treasuries data.
大型企業繼續將比特幣及其他數碼資產納入財務報表,令加密貨幣同公司財務健康嘅關連更緊密。根據 Bitcoin Treasuries 数据,截至2025年4月,有32間上市公司持有價值超過120億美元嘅比特幣。
This integration means that factors affecting corporate valuations - interest rates, earnings expectations, and economic outlook - now directly influence cryptocurrency demand through corporate treasury activities. When MicroStrategy announced an additional $500 million Bitcoin purchase in February 2025, the company's stock and Bitcoin briefly moved in tandem as investors processed the implications for both assets.
呢種融合令影響企業估值嘅因素——如利率、盈利預期同經濟展望——而家會直接通過企業財資行動影響加密貨幣需求。好似MicroStrategy 2025年2月宣佈再買5億美元比特幣,一時間公司股價同比特幣價格同步波動,投資者同時消化對兩項資產影響。
Professional Trading Operations
專業交易操作
Sophisticated trading firms now apply similar strategies across both markets, often using algorithms that respond to the same technical indicators and market signals. According to a JPMorgan survey, 78% of proprietary trading desks now trade both cryptocurrencies and equities, up from 45% in 2022.
高級別交易公司依家會用類似策略操作兩邊市場,往往透過算法捕捉相同技術指標同市場訊號。根據 JPMorgan 調查,而家有78%自營交易櫃枱同時炒賣加密貨幣及股票,2022年時只係45%。
These professional operations often employ strategies that explicitly leverage correlation, including statistical arbitrage approaches that profit from temporary divergences between related assets across traditional and crypto markets. Such strategies can actually reinforce correlation over time by quickly closing gaps when prices temporarily decouple.
專業操作好常用明確利用相關性的策略,包括統計套利——係相關傳統及加密資產間有短暫背馳時搵食。這些策略反而會長遠增強相關性,因為一見價差,就快速平掉,使價格回歸一致。
Projecting Future Correlation Patterns
預測未來相關走勢
As the cryptocurrency market continues maturing, its relationship with equities will likely become increasingly nuanced. Several evolving factors will shape this relationship in coming years:
隨住加密貨幣市場日漸成熟,佢同股票市場嘅關係預計會變得更微妙。未來幾年有幾大因素會左右呢種關係:
Regulatory Clarity
監管清晰度
The ongoing development of comprehensive regulatory frameworks for digital assets will influence correlation patterns. Clear regulations that facilitate institutional participation may strengthen connections with traditional markets, while restrictive policies could temporarily increase decoupling events.
對數碼資產建立全面監管架構嘅進程,會影響相關性走勢。清晰、便利機構參與嘅監管可能會加強與傳統市場嘅聯動性;但若政策嚴厲,短期內或會令加密市場出現更多獨立波動。
The forthcoming decisions from global financial regulators on central bank digital currencies, stablecoin oversight, and DeFi governance will be particularly consequential for how these markets interact.
未來全球監管機構針對央行數碼貨幣、穩定幣監管及去中心化金融(DeFi)治理方面嘅決策,將成為兩個市場互動嘅關鍵因素。
Market Maturation
市場成熟度
As cryptocurrency markets grow more liquid and develop more sophisticated derivatives markets, their behavior may increasingly resemble traditional financial markets. The cryptocurrency options market has grown over 215% since 2023, now representing over $16 billion in daily trading volume and enabling more complex risk management strategies similar to those used in equities markets.
隨著加密貨幣市場流動性增強及衍生工具市場愈趨成熟,市場走勢會愈來愈似傳統金融。自2023年以來,加密期權市場已飆升215%,現時每日成交逾160億美元,令市場可用上複雜多變、類似股票市場的風險管理策略。
This infrastructure development supports institutional participation but may also reduce some of the unique market dynamics that have historically caused cryptocurrencies to diverge from equities.
呢種基建提升方便機構入場,不過亦可能削弱部分獨有市場特質,而這些特質往往係令加密幣市場與股票市場分道揚鑣的原因之一。
Mainstream Adoption Milestones
主流應用里程碑
Progress toward everyday cryptocurrency usage could potentially reduce correlation with speculative assets over time. The implementation of Bitcoin as legal tender in multiple countries since El Salvador's pioneering move in 2021 represents steps toward utility-driven valuation models rather than purely speculative ones.
加密貨幣日益貼近日常應用,可能會令其與投機型資產的相關性慢慢減弱。自薩爾瓦多2021年帶頭將比特幣列為法定貨幣後,其他國家亦陸續跟進,某程度上由投機價值轉向應用價值。
Payment processors report that cryptocurrency transaction volumes for actual goods and services increased 87% year-over-year in 2024, suggesting gradual progress toward usage patterns that might eventually reduce correlation with purely speculative assets.
支付服務商報告指2024年用加密貨幣購買實際商品或服務的交易額同比大增87%,反映應用範疇正在逐步擴大,慢慢或會減低其與純投機資產的相關性。
Strategic Implications for Market Participants
市場參與者策略啟示
The evolving relationship between cryptocurrencies and stocks creates both challenges and opportunities for different market participants:
加密貨幣與股票市場之間不斷變化的關係,對不同市場參與者既構成挑戰又帶來新機會:
For Investors
投資者
The strengthened correlation challenges conventional portfolio diversification strategies. When Bitcoin was uncorrelated with traditional assets, it offered clear diversification benefits despite its volatility. Current correlation patterns suggest investors may need more sophisticated approaches to achieve true diversification.
相關性提升,為傳統資產組合分散風險的老方法帶來挑戰。昔日比特幣與傳統資產無關時,雖然波幅大,但卻有明顯分散作用。現時相關加強,投資者要真正做到分散風險,可能需要更高階的配置技巧。
Tactical asset allocation strategies have evolved in response, with many investment firms now treating Bitcoin as part of their "risk asset" allocation that gets adjusted alongside equity exposure based on macroeconomic conditions.
應對之道包括發展戰術性資產配置——現時唔少投資機構已將比特幣納入「風險資產」類別,根據宏觀經濟狀況同時調整股票與比特幣的比重。
For Traders
交易員
For active traders, correlation patterns offer predictive value and arbitrage opportunities. Many quantitative trading strategies now incorporate "correlation trading" approaches that profit from temporary divergences between cryptocurrency and equity markets that are expected to reconverge.
對積極交易員而言,相關性模式具有預測價值和套利機會。好多量化交易策略現時已經包括「相關交易」——捕捉加密貨幣與股票市場短暫背馳,但預期很快會重新收斂。
These strategies typically monitor correlation breakdowns in real-time and position for a return to established relationships - effectively betting that temporary decoupling will prove short-lived in most cases.
這類策略通常即時監察相關分裂,並即時部署,押注兩市場最終會回歸既有關聯——即短暫背馳好快會消失。
For Businesses
商業機構
For companies operating in the digital asset space, understanding correlation has operational implications. Cryptocurrency mining firms, exchanges, and service providers now routinely hedge their business exposure to account for how broader market conditions affect their revenue streams and treasury holdings.
對於從事數碼資產業務的企業而言,理解市場相關性好有實際操作意義。加密礦企、交易所或服務供應商現在都會例行對沖,管理大市波動對收入及庫房價值的影響。
This corporate risk management approach increasingly resembles practices in traditional finance, with companies using derivatives and diverse treasury strategies to manage exposure to both crypto-specific and broader market factors.
這種企業風險管理方式越來越似傳統金融體系,企業會利用衍生品及多元化財資策略,同時應對加密市場獨有以及整體金融市場因素的風險敞口。
Final thoughts
最後思考
The relationship between cryptocurrency and equity markets continues to evolve, reflecting the integration of digital assets into the broader financial ecosystem. While correlation has generally strengthened over time, it remains dynamic - influenced by market structure, regulatory developments, technological innovation, and changing investor behavior.
加密貨幣與股票市場之間的關聯仍然不斷進化,側面反映數碼資產已經融入更大的金融生態圈。雖然兩者之間的相關性總體上愈來愈強,但本質上一直處於動態之中,受到市場結構、監管變化、科技創新和投資者行為轉變多方面影響。
For market participants, this relationship demands continuous reassessment and adaptive strategies. The days when cryptocurrency could be analyzed in isolation have clearly passed, but so too has the simplistic view that digital assets merely amplify stock market movements. Instead, a more nuanced understanding recognizes both the connections and distinctions between these markets.
對市場參與者嚟講,認真應對這種關係變化,需要不斷重新審視及更新策略。分析加密貨幣可以單獨進行的時代已經過去,但同時,單純認為數碼資產只是股票市場放大鏡的觀點亦不合時宜。更細緻的睇法會同時承認二者的聯繫與差異。
As traditional finance and cryptocurrency markets continue their convergence, correlation patterns will likely reflect this hybrid reality - with periods of tight correlation punctuated by divergences driven by factors unique to each market. This dynamic relationship ultimately reflects cryptocurrency's dual nature: as both an alternative to traditional finance and, increasingly, an extension of it.
隨著傳統金融與加密貨幣市場進一步融合,兩者的相關性走勢會越來越呈現出「混合現實」——即有時緊密連動,有時受市場獨有因素影響而出現分歧。這種動態關係正正反映加密貨幣的雙重本質——既係傳統金融的替代品,亦愈來愈成為傳統金融的延伸。

