DeFi是我們金錢未來的趨勢,而DeFi協議正是這個世界的命脈。2024年,你應該使用或密切關注哪些最重要、最具影響力的DeFi協議?閱讀本文即可了解。
過去幾年,去中心化金融(DeFi)產業急速成長,由小眾市場擴展為數十億美元規模的金融巨擘。這種指數級的成長不僅是短暫潮流,更預示著我們貨幣體系的巨變。
這種變革來自去中心化金融基礎設施(DeFi)協議。它們成功地重新定義了無需許可、開放且高度互通的金融交易。區塊鏈技術正是我們寄予厚望的實現基礎。
DeFi的終極目標,是透過消除中間人及降低交易成本,讓全球更多人能夠輕鬆獲得金融服務與產品。
根據DeFi Pulse的數據,2023年鎖定於DeFi協議中的總資產價值(TVL)已突破1000億美元。這顯示了這個產業的快速擴張,以及用戶對去中心化平台的信任。
一系列挑戰傳統金融規範的新協議正在推動這個生態系統成長。這些協議涵蓋借貸、交易、挖礦(收益農場)、質押和保險等多樣化的去中心化服務。
當然也有負面層面。DeFi產業高度複雜且多維度,即使是老練的投資人也可能被誤導。
即便是最死忠的投資人與比特幣信仰者,也常常被DeFi協議的數量所壓倒。每種選擇各有益處與風險,各具獨特之處。
這樣多元化的環境對新手來說可能很困難。你必須了解這個新興金融格局中的重要玩家,才能夠順利走進其中。
DeFi協議運作剖析
DeFi協議複雜且在更龐大的金融生態系中運作,若要真正了解其影響,首先需認識其本質。
什麼是DeFi協議?
DeFi協議是一種建立於區塊鏈技術之上的去中心化應用(dApp),設計目的在於複製並優化傳統金融服務。這些協議透過智能合約運作,將條件直接寫進程式碼中自動執行交易,確保自動化、透明且無須信任。
DeFi協議如何運作?
簡言之,DeFi協議消除了中介,實現點對點交易。智能合約可讓用戶直接在區塊鏈上互動,只要條件達成,合約便自動執行預定操作。流程無人工干涉,所有人遵循相同規則,降低詐騙或人為失誤的機會。
例如在DeFi借貸系統中,用戶可以將比特幣存入智能合約,互相借貸。利率多半以市場供需算法計算。
因加密貨幣價格波動,借貸時通常需要抵押品,其價值往往大於貸款本金。
DeFi協議的類型
- 借貸協議:如Aave、Compound與Venus等平台,允許用戶質押資產賺取利息,或以抵押品方式借入資產,民主化取得信貸,並提供較傳統銀行更具吸引力的利率。
- 去中心化交易所(DEX):如Uniswap、Curve Finance等協議,讓用戶直接在錢包兌換加密貨幣,利用自動化做市商(AMM)促進流動性,免除訂單簿與中介。
- 挖礦與質押平台:收益農場通常包括借出或質押加密貨幣,換取獎勵(如代幣)。Pendle與Lido等平台提供創新方式以提升數位資產回報。
- 治理協議:賦予用戶參與決策權限。MakerDAO與Compound讓代幣持有人針對協議更動、手續費結構等關鍵議題投票。
- 保險協議:如Nexus Mutual這類DeFi保險平台,針對智能合約失效及DeFi生態系固有風險提供保障。
智能合約在DeFi中的角色
智能合約是DeFi協議的核心。其特點為不可變與高透明,一經部署程式碼便無法更動,所有人皆可審核。這樣的透明性建立用戶信任,並減少對中心化機構的依賴。

十大最具影響力的DeFi協議
MakerDAO
由Rune Christensen於2015年創立,MakerDAO是分散式金融(DeFi)產業的領導者。
它開創了DAI——首批錨定美元且以比特幣資產抵押的去中心化穩定幣。
運作於以太坊網絡上,MakerDAO允許用戶將如以太幣(ETH)等資產鎖入智能合約「Maker Vault」,進而產生DAI。協議透過智能合約自動控管抵押比率,維持DAI穩定掛鈎美元。
截至2024年10月,DAI市值約53億美元,突顯其在DeFi生態中的高接受度。治理代幣MKR市值則約為10億美元。MKR持有人積極參與協議治理,包括風險限制、抵押品種類與費率更動,維持平台去中心化運作。
MakerDAO開發的穩定幣為DeFi提供關鍵工具,讓用戶在高波動市場內能以穩定幣交易,其治理架構也成為區塊鏈系統分散決策的典範。
MakerDAO大幅推動金融民主化,讓持幣者可創造流動性,體現DeFi基本精神。
Uniswap
Uniswap由Hayden Adams於2018年推出,以自動做市商(AMM)機制徹底改變去中心化交易所(DEX)格局。
建立於以太坊區塊鏈上,Uniswap允許用戶無需中介和傳統訂單簿,即可直接從錢包兌換ERC-20代幣。它以常數乘積公式(x y = k)與流動性池實現交易,打造順暢、無需授權的代幣兌換環境。
截至2024年10月,治理代幣UNI市值達54億美元以上,平台日交易量經常超過10億美元。
流動性提供者可獲得部分交易手續費做為獎勵,進一步提升DeFi市場的流動性與效率。
Uniswap透過開放代幣交易及降低門檻,顯著提升DeFi生態的流動性。其AMM機制也啟發眾多DEX,鞏固了Uniswap在DeFi領域的中心地位。此外,任何新項目都可免除中心化交易所限制自由上架,促進創新發展。
Aave
Aave最初於2017年以ETHLend名稱由Stani Kulechov創立,2018年更名為Aave(在芬蘭語中意為「幽靈」),取其透明與開放之意。主要運作於以太坊區塊鏈,亦擴展至Polygon等網路,是一個分散式借貸平台,讓用戶能夠多元借貸資產。
原生代幣AAVE截止2024年10月市值約23億美元,協議通常鎖倉總價值(TVL)超過100億美元。
Aave帶來如閃電貸(flash loans)等創新機制,即無需抵押、必須於一個以太坊交易內立即償還的貸款,此功能創造仲裁套利與複雜金融策略的新契機。
可變與固定利率讓用戶能彈性調整借貸成本,質押資產的同時,系統發放帶息代幣,反映其持有權益。
Aave的治理架構使AAVE持有人可參與決策,影響平台參數與未來發展。
Aave促進DeFi借貸領域大幅進步,提高資本效率並帶來全新金融產品。憑藉創新功能與友善介面,吸引機構、大眾用戶參與,加快了去中心化金融的普及。
Lido
Lido於2020年12月創立,由Jordan Fish與Vasiliy Shapovalov等創業者發起,旨在解決權益證明(PoS)區塊鏈質押的流動性問題。
Lido運作於如以太坊、Solana等網絡,提供流動性質押,讓用戶能藉由stTokens(質押代幣)維持資產流動性,同時獲得質押收益。
截至2024年10月,平台質押資產量超過100億美元,治理代幣LDO市值逾10億美元。Lido讓用戶在不凍結資產的前提下獲取質押獎勵,提升DeFi生態中質押操作的便利與效率。
Lido的分散節點營運機制亦協助維持底層區塊鏈去中心化安全。LDO持有人參與治理決策,使
governance of the system, therefore impacting choices on node operator choice and fee rates.
系統的治理,因此影響了節點營運者的選擇以及手續費率的決策。
Other DeFi systems can also make use of the st Tokens produced by Lido, therefore generating more yield chances and encouraging ecosystem interoperability.
其他去中心化金融(DeFi)系統也可以利用 Lido 所產生的 st 代幣,進而創造更多收益機會並促進生態系互通性。
Lido has fundamentally changed the DeFi scene by releasing the liquidity of staked assets, therefore allowing users to optimize their holdings' value and engage more actively in distributed finance events.
Lido 通過釋放質押資產的流動性,從根本上改變了去中心化金融生態,讓用戶可以優化其持有資產的價值並更積極參與去中心化金融活動。
Compound
Robert Leshner and Geoffrey Hayes launched Compound in 2017 as a DeFi technology enabling distributed lending and borrowing of cryptocurrency.
Robert Leshner 與 Geoffrey Hayes 於 2017 年推出 Compound,這是一項使加密貨幣分散式借貸成為可能的 DeFi 技術。
Compound, which runs on the Ethereum blockchain, uses algorithmically calculated interest rates based on real-time asset supply and demand.
Compound 運行於以太坊區塊鏈上,並根據即時的資產供需以演算法自動計算利率。
The governance token COMP has a market valuation of roughly $404 million as of October 2024; the TVL of the system regularly exceeds $5 billion.
截至 2024 年 10 月,治理代幣 COMP 的市值約為 4.04 億美元;系統的總鎖倉價值(TVL)經常超過 50 億美元。
Users of the platform get cTokens reflecting their investment when they provide assets, which over time build interest. Providing collateral allows borrowers to access money; the platform guarantees over-collateralization to help to reduce risks.
用戶在提供資產時會獲得代表其投資的 cToken,這些 cToken 會隨著時間累積利息。借款人提供抵押品後即可取得資金;平台強制超額抵押以協助降低風險。
By giving COMP tokens to consumers who either supply or borrow assets, compound popularized the idea of liquidity mining by motivating involvement and thereby improving the liquidity of the protocol. The governance structure lets COMP holders suggest and vote on protocol modifications, therefore promoting a community-driven method of development.
Compound 透過向供應資產或借貸資產的用戶發放 COMP 代幣,推廣了「流動性挖礦」的概念,激勵參與並因此提升協議自身流動性。該治理結構讓 COMP 持有者能夠提案並投票決定協議修改,推動了社群驅動的發展方式。
Compound has helped the DeFi lending market develop and mature by streamlining the earning interest on cryptocurrency assets process and offering a safe borrowing platform. Its developments have affected many other procedures, so confirming its importance in the ecology.
Compound 透過簡化加密資產賺取利息的過程並提供安全的借貸平台,推動了 DeFi 借貸市場的發展與成熟。它的創新影響了許多其他協議,確認了其在生態系中的重要性。
Curve Finance
Michael Egorov launched Curve Finance in 2020; it is a distributed exchange focused in effective stablecoin trading.
Michael Egorov 於 2020 年推出 Curve Finance,這是一個專注於高效穩定幣交易的去中心化交易所。
Operating on the Ethereum blockchain and supporting networks like Polygon, Curve swaps assets of similar value, such stablecoins or wrapped tokens using a special AMM technique tuned for low slippage and cheap costs.
Curve 運行於以太坊區塊鏈並支援 Polygon 等網絡,使用專為低滑點與低費用設計的自動做市商(AMM)技術,交換價值相近的資產,如穩定幣或包裝代幣。
As of October 2024, Curve's governance token, CRV, has a market valuation of about $331 million; the TVL of the platform sometimes exceeds $10 billion. Trading fees and CRV token awards let liquidity providers motivate themselves to deliver assets to the liquidity pools of the platform.
截至 2024 年 10 月,Curve 的治理代幣 CRV 市值大約為 3.31 億美元;平台的總鎖倉價值有時超過 100 億美元。流動性供應者可從交易手續費以及 CRV 代幣獎勵中獲利,因而有動力將資產投入至流動池。
StableSwap algorithm of the protocol makes high-efficiency swaps between stablecoins and pegged assets possible, so it is an essential part for stablecoin liquidity in the DeFi market.
該協議的 StableSwap 演算法促成了穩定幣與錨定資產間的高效交換,成為 DeFi 市場穩定幣流動性不可或缺的重要組成。
Curve's governance model's time-weighted voting approach supports long-term stakeholders, therefore matching incentives with the continuous success of the protocol.
Curve 的治理模型採用加權計票方式,支持長期持有者,將激勵與協議長期成功綁定。
Curve has become crucial infrastructure in distributed finance since it offers a consistent and quick platform for steady asset trading. Its interaction with other DeFi protocols guarantees general efficiency and interoperability, therefore confirming its part in the ecosystem.
Curve 由於提供了穩定、快速的資產交易平台,已成為去中心化金融關鍵的基礎設施。其與其他 DeFi 協議的互動保證了整體效率與互通性,確認其在生態系中的重要角色。
dYdX
Antonio Juliano started dYdX in 2017; it is a distributed exchange with sophisticated trading tools including margin and perpetual contract trading using up to 25x leverage.
Antonio Juliano 於 2017 年創立 dYdX,這是一個提供高階交易工具(包括最高 25 倍槓桿的保證金及永續合約交易)的去中心化交易所。
Working on the Ethereum blockchain, dYdX uses Layer 2 scaling techniques—more especially, Zero-Knowledge Rollups from StarkWare—to improve transaction speed and lower costs.
dYdX 運行於以太坊區塊鏈,並採用 Layer 2 擴容技術——特別是 StarkWare 的零知識彙總(zk-Rollup)——來提升交易速度與降低費用。
The DYDX governance token has a market valuation as of October 2023 of $624 million.
DYDX 治理代幣於 2023 年 10 月的市值為約 6.24 億美元。
dYdX draws both seasoned traders and newbies looking for complex financial instruments by delivering sophisticated trading capabilities usually available in centralized exchanges to the dispersed world.
dYdX 將原本只在中心化交易所見得到的高階交易功能帶到去中心化世界,吸引了經驗豐富的交易員與尋求新穎工具的投資新手參與。
Layer 2 implementation of the platform solves scalability problems, therefore allowing low-cost transactions and high throughput. DYDX token holders engage in governance, therefore impacting choices about token economics, features, and protocol characteristics.
該平台的 Layer 2 實作解決了可擴展性問題,使低成本且高吞吐量的交易成為可能。DYDX 代幣持有者參與治理,從而影響有關代幣經濟學、功能與協議特性的各項決策。
The way dYdX expands the possibilities of distributed exchanges outside basic token swaps helps DeFi. Offering a strong platform for derivatives trading, it has drawn more liquidity and involvement in the DeFi ecosystem, hence bridging the distance between conventional finance and distributed platforms.
dYdX 不僅擴展了去中心化交易所以外的基本代幣交換,還為 DeFi 帶來更多可能。透過提供強大的衍生品交易平台,吸引了更多流動性與用戶參與,有效連結傳統金融與去中心化平台之間的距離。
Nexus Mutual
Hugh Karp launched Nexus Mutual in 2019 as a distributed insurance platform offering protection against smart contract failures and other DeFi risk sources. Operating on the Ethereum blockchain, Nexus Mutual uses a risk-sharing pool whereby members provide money used to reimburse claims.
Hugh Karp 於 2019 年創立 Nexus Mutual,這是一個去中心化保險平台,為智能合約失敗及其他 DeFi 風險來源提供保障。Nexus Mutual 運行於以太坊區塊鏈,其成員將資金投入風險分攤池,用於賠償申請。
With a market value of maybe $205 million as of October 2024, Nexus Mutual's token, NXM having paid claims on various well-known events, the platform has been crucial in reducing DeFi participation risks and building user confidence in distributed systems.
截至 2024 年 10 月,Nexus Mutual 代幣 NXM 的市值約為 2.05 億美元。平台已針對多起知名事件賠付理賠,在降低 DeFi 參與風險與建立用戶信心方面扮演關鍵角色。
To join the mutual, members go through a Know Your Customer (KYC) verifying process. They evaluate claims and decide on payouts, therefore promoting a community-driven method of risk control. Nexus Mutual removes one of the main obstacles to entrance in DeFi—security issues by offering a distributed substitute for traditional insurance.
加入互助會者需經過 KYC(認識你的客戶)認證程序,成員共同審核理賠並決定賠付,推動社群驅動的風險控管方式。Nexus Mutual 提供去中心化保險替代方案,解決了 DeFi 進入門檻中最主要的問題之一——安全疑慮。
DeFi technologies have been more widely embraced in response to Nexus Mutual's safety net service. It is quite important for the resilience of the environment since it reduces hazards and offers a guarantee against any losses.
由於 Nexus Mutual 的安全防護網服務,DeFi 技術獲得更廣泛應用。它降低風險並為損失提供保障,對維護整體生態的韌性具有至關重要的意義。
Pendle
Launched in 2021 by TN Lee and his team, Pendle is a DeFi system aimed at tokenizing future yield, thereby empowering users over their yield management practices.
由 TN Lee 與團隊於 2021 年推出,Pendle 是一個針對收益代幣化的 DeFi 平台,使用戶可自主管理未來收益。
Pendle allows users of Ethereum and Arbitrum to segregate yield-bearing assets into main and yield components, therefore enabling separate trading of each.
Pendle 讓以太坊和 Arbitrum 用戶可將有收益的資產分拆為本金部分與收益部分,讓這兩種成分獨立交易。
Pendle's token, indicating its rising impact in the DeFi arena, has a market capitalization of roughly $656 million as of October 2024.
截至 2024 年 10 月,Pendle 代幣的市值約為 6.56 億美元,顯示其在 DeFi 領域中影響力漸增。
Pendle presents fixed-income methods to distributed finance—a concept common in conventional finance but very new to DeFi—by allowing the trade of future yield.
Pendle 讓 DeFi 生態引入傳統金融常見但 DeFi 尚屬嶄新的固定收益概念,允許未來收益的交易。
Pendle's AMM is tailored especially for yield tokens, so enabling effective price discovery and liquidity. Locking in future yields or speculating on yield rates lets users be flexible and have chances for diversification.
Pendle 所採用的自動做市商機制專為收益類代幣設計,促成有效的價格發現與流動性。用戶可選擇鎖定未來收益或參與收益率投機,從而提升彈性及分散風險的可能性。
Pendle increases the spectrum of financial instruments accessible to consumers by closing the distance between conventional fixed-income products and DeFi, hence strengthening the maturity and depth of the DeFi sector.
Pendle 縮短了傳統固定收益型產品與 DeFi 之間的鴻溝,擴展用戶可接觸到的金融工具種類,強化 DeFi 的成熟度與深度。
Venus Protocol
Designed by the team behind Swipe Wallet—including Joselito Lizarondo—Venus is a DeFi lending and borrowing tool run on the Binance Smart Chain (BSC). Venus provides easily available DeFi services to a larger user base by using BSC's reduced fees and faster transaction rates than Ethereum.
由 Swipe Wallet 團隊(包括 Joselito Lizarondo)設計,Venus 是運作於幣安智能鏈(BSC)上的去中心化借貸工具。透過 BSC 較低的費用及更快的交易速度,Venus 將 DeFi 服務帶給更廣大的用戶群。
Venus's governance token, XVS, has a market capitalization of about $125 million as of October 2024; the TVL of the protocol sometimes exceeds $3 billion. Venus lets users create VAI, a distributed stablecoin linked to the US dollar and supply and borrow a range of cryptocurrencies.
截至 2024 年 10 月,Venus 的治理代幣 XVS 市值約為 1.25 億美元;協議的總鎖倉價值有時超過 30 億美元。Venus 用戶可創建與美元掛鉤的去中心化穩定幣 VAI,同時可供應與借出多種不同加密貨幣。
Users of the protocol pay interest on borrowed assets and earn interest on provided assets, therefore acting as a money market system. Maintaining a dispersed approach, Venus's governance model lets XVS token holders affect protocol settings and development decisions.
協議用戶對借入資產支付利息,提供資產則可賺取利息,功能類似一個貨幣市場。Venus 的治理模式保持去中心化,XVS 代幣持有人可影響協議的參數與發展決策。
Venus has been instrumental in extending the reach of distributed finance outside the Ethereum ecosystem by including DeFi lending and stablecoin features into BSC. DeFi services' inclusiveness and scalability are enhanced by its easy-to-use interface and connection with BSC's vast user base, therefore complementing the more general aim of democratizing banking.
Venus 結合 DeFi 借貸與穩定幣功能,引入 BSC 生態後,對推展去中心化金融超越以太坊領域至關重要。其直覺易用的介面與 BSC 大量用戶的結合,進一步提升了 DeFi 服務的包容性與可擴展性,完善了銀行民主化的總體目標。
Final Thoughts
The financial systems are at a crossroads as a result of the fast rise of DeFi protocols. Along with shaking up the financial industry as we know it, these ten principles have paved the way for a new system that is more open, honest, and productive for everyone.
隨著 DeFi 協議的快速崛起,傳統金融體系正處於關鍵轉折點。這十項協議不僅徹底顛覆了我們所知的金融業,更為所有人開闢出一個更開放、更透明、更高效的新金融體系。
Decentralized stablecoins from MakerDAO, AMM models from Uniswap, flash loans from Aave, and liquid staking from Lido are just a few examples of the distinctive innovations brought about by the various protocols.
MakerDAO 的去中心化穩定幣、Uniswap 的自動做市商(AMM)模型、Aave 的閃電貸、以及 Lido 的流動質押,都是各協議帶來獨特創新的典範。
Open access, reduced prices, and the promotion of financial sovereignty are the ways in which they overcome the shortcomings of conventional financing.
它們以開放門檻、低廉費率以及強化金融自主權等方式,彌補傳統金融的不足。
Having said that, there are obstacles in the DeFi space. Persistent dangers include security holes, unclear regulations, and unpredictable markets. As the notorious 2016 DAO attack and other smart contract exploits have shown, young technologies are extremely vulnerable.
儘管如此,DeFi 領域仍面臨不少挑戰。安全漏洞、監管不明、以及充滿變數的市場,始終隨時可能造成風險。正如 2016 年 DAO 事件和其他智能合約攻擊所揭示,新興技術極度脆弱。
Protocol cooperation, enhanced security, and regulatory elucidation will play critical roles in the future development of the DeFi ecosystem.
未來 DeFi 生態的發展,協議間合作、安全性的提升與監管明朗化將成為關鍵。
Steps toward resolving scalability and interoperability difficulties include the deployment of Layer 2 solutions and cross-chain interoperability efforts such as EigenLayer.
為了解決可擴展性與互通性問題,目前已積極部署 Layer 2 解決方案和 EigenLayer 等跨鏈互通嘗試。
All things considered, these protocols are at the front of the DeFi revolution, which is fundamentally altering the financial scene. They show how blockchain technology can make the financial system more fair. They have already begun to have an impact on the cryptocurrency market, and they will only become more pervasive as time goes on.
總體而言,這些協議正站在 DeFi 革命的最前線,徹底改變金融格局。他們證明了區塊鏈技術能讓金融體系更為公平,並已開始影響加密貨幣市場,而且未來只會愈發普及。

