應用商店
錢包

DePIN 網路詳解:現實世界基礎建設如何結合 Web3 激勵機制

DePIN 網路詳解:現實世界基礎建設如何結合 Web3 激勵機制

去中心化實體基礎設施網絡(DePINs)已成為連結 Web3 數位世界與現實物理建設的重要創新概念。DePIN 運用區塊鏈技術與代幣激勵,建立去中心化的實體資源管理系統,包括無線網路、能源電網、儲存空間等。這種模式不僅讓基礎建設更民主化,還促進社群驅動的發展與韌性。

截至 2025 年 4 月,DePIN 領域市值達 143 億美元,突顯其在加密與區塊鏈生態系的重要地位。據預估,該產業的可及市場總額(TAM)現為 2.2 兆美元,預期到 2028 年將增至 3.5 兆美元,展現未來巨大的成長潛力。

本文將探討 DePIN 的定義、運作方式、優勢、挑戰及實際案例,同時強調 Web3 激勵機制對其成功的關鍵作用。目的是為有志於區塊鏈與實體基礎結合發展的讀者,提供全方位的洞察,認識 DePIN 如何重塑產業版圖,促進更公平且去中心化的未來。

DePIN 定義

DePIN 是基於區塊鏈設計、用於去中心化及代幣化傳統實體基礎建設服務的生態體系。不同於被大型企業掌控的集中式系統,DePIN 允許個人與組織貢獻實體或數位資源(如儲存空間、運算能力或無線連接),共同維護去中心化網路。

貢獻者會獲得加密貨幣代幣獎勵,形成自我循環的生態系。這個運作模型與 Web3 的去中心化、透明及社群治理理念一致,並將這些價值延伸至現實世界。

基本上,DePIN 透過將實體資產與服務代幣化,彌合數位與物理世界間的鴻溝。例如,在無線連接 DePIN 中,個人可以部署熱點設備並取得代幣作為覆蓋獎勵;而在像 Filecoin 這類的儲存網絡,用戶出租閒置硬碟空間,則能獲得 FIL 代幣。

這種代幣化機制創造出共享經濟激勵,驅使參與者持續為網路發展與永續性做出貢獻。Messari 指出,DePIN 的可及市場總額目前已達 2.2 兆美元,預料至 2028 年將成長至 3.5 兆美元。這股成長動力來自區塊鏈導入加速與各行各業對高效、去中心化基礎設施的需求提升。

DePIN 常細分為二類:實體資源網路(PRNs)與數位資源網路(DRNs)。PRNs 著重於以地理位置為核心、不可替代的資源,如出行、能源電網或無線網路,這類服務緊密結合特定區域且難以替換。而 DRNs 則聚焦可替代的數位資源,像是儲存、頻寬或運算能力,無需受限於特定位置,可全網彈性使用。

這樣的分類有助於釐清 DePIN 應用的多元性,從地區性基礎設施(如電網)到全球性數位資源(如雲端儲存)皆涵蓋其中。總之,DePIN 代表著基礎設施管控權從少數壟斷轉為全民共治,參與者能直接受惠於自身貢獻。

為何需要 DePIN

採用 DePIN 的原因,主要是為了解決傳統集中式基礎設施的弊端。集中系統經常存在單點故障、成本高昂及可及性低的問題。例如,在能源配送領域,大型中央電網易受中斷影響,且往往被少數企業掌控。

基於 DePIN 的能源網路可讓眾多小型生產者或消費者透過區塊鏈串連,實現點對點能源交易,提升供應可靠性。同樣地,電信產業的傳統運營商因成本問題,難以覆蓋偏遠或資源匱乏區域。像 Helium 這類 DePIN 已證明社群驅動無線網路可透過激勵機制擴展至這些地區。

此外,集中式基礎設施需巨額前期投資與繁瑣流程,阻礙創新與快速部署。DePIN 打破這層壁壘,讓新創與個人無需龐大資本或核准即可參與建設,尤對缺乏傳統設施的新興地區尤其重要。

DePIN 的另一大優勢是韌性高。藉由分散控制權,DePIN 消除集中系統常見的單點故障,在發生中斷時,服務仍可持續運作。例如,去中心化無線網,即便部分熱點離線也不會癱瘓全網,有別於傳統電信網路可能因故障而全面癱瘓。

此外,DePIN 還能促進更快速的創新推動。例如,類似 Filecoin 的去中心化儲存網,用戶無須投資巨型資料中心即可出租閒置硬碟空間,這不僅降低成本,同時能提供更多元、因地制宜的服務方案。

DePIN 的社群驅動模式更能賦權參與者,使其成為網路發展的利益相關方,並增強長期承諾與投入。這種參與感帶來更持續、包容的基礎設施發展,對傳統服務覆蓋不足地區特別有幫助。

總結來說,DePIN 透過提升可及性、效率、韌性與創新,有效克服集中式基礎建設的核心問題,讓社群能掌握關鍵公共資源,減少對大型企業的依賴。

DePIN 的運作模式

DePIN 的核心概念是「DePIN 飛輪」,這是一個自我強化的循環,驅動著網路成長與永續。隨著更多用戶加入,對資源(如儲存、連接或能源)的需求提升,帶來更龐大的使用群;需求提升帶動代幣價值,吸引更多服務提供者研發或提供資源以滿足需求。

更多提供者再進一步強化網路容量與可靠度,提升服務品質,進而吸引更多新用戶,建立不需大規模中央投資的可擴展、社群型系統。

DePIN 結合實體基礎建設、區塊鏈技術與代幣激勵,參與者可提供硬體或服務,如出租閒置儲存空間、部署無線熱點、貢獻運算能力。區塊鏈作為數位主幹,記錄交易、保障透明度,並透過智能合約自動執行規則。

例如,在 Filecoin 網路,儲存提供者必須提交密碼學證明以確保資料安全,同時押注抵押品,如未履行責任就會遭銷毀,確保網路儲存的信任與可靠度。而在 Helium 中,熱點運營商透過提供無線訊號獲取 HNT 代幣,獎勵系統則依據覆蓋證明(PoC)自動分配,促進網絡擴展。

DePIN 的激勵模型設計,讓所有參與者的利益與網路成長緊密結合。貢獻行為會獲得可交易、質押或消費於生態內的代幣報酬,激勵用戶維護與擴大基礎設施,形成自給自足的生態圈,帶動長期發展。

智能合約可自動執行交易與獎勵分配,減少中介角色、提升信任。例如能源 DePIN(如 Powerledger),智能合約自動於條件達成時執行點對點能源交易。

安全性亦是 DePIN 不可或缺的一環,由於分布於各地的實體設備,是網路的安全基礎。DePIN 需強化加密技術與去中心化治理,防範資安風險,確保數據隱私。此外,分散式特性也避免了單點故障,相較集中系統更具備抗故障與防禦能力。

總結而言,DePIN 結合實體基礎設施與區塊鏈技術,建立透明、安全且具有代幣激勵的去中心化系統,實踐 Web3 願景。

DePIN 應用案例

DePIN 擁有廣泛應用場景,各領域均可運用去中心化模式提升效率及可及性。最主要的應用之一是去中心化儲存,如 Filecoin、Arweave 與 Sia 等項目,讓用戶出租閒置儲存,取代集中式雲端。

這些網路可提供更安全、私有的數據儲存方案,降低數據外洩風險並提升價格效益。例如,Filecoin 擁有三千多家儲存供應商,規模與成長性都相當可觀。

另一大應用領域是無線連接,代表案例為 Helium,目前已部署超過 100 萬個熱點。 to create a decentralized wireless network for IoT devices. Helium’s success demonstrates how community-driven networks can provide cost-effective alternatives to traditional telecom providers, offering long-range, economical coverage for IoT devices and beyond.

為物聯網(IoT)裝置建立去中心化無線網路。Helium的成功證明了由社群驅動的網路可以提供成本效益高的方案,作為傳統電信業者的替代,為物聯網裝置及更多應用帶來長距離且經濟實惠的覆蓋範圍。

In the energy sector, DePINs facilitate decentralized energy grids where producers (e.g., solar panel owners) can sell excess energy directly to consumers. Projects like Powerledger enable peer-to-peer energy trading, promoting green solutions and reducing reliance on centralized utilities.

在能源領域,DePIN協助實現去中心化的能源電網,讓生產者(例如太陽能板擁有者)能夠直接將多餘的能源販售給消費者。像 Powerledger 這樣的項目推動點對點能源交易,促進綠色解決方案並減少對集中式公用事業的依賴。

Mobility and transportation are also being transformed by DePINs, with platforms like DRIFE offering ride-sharing services built on blockchain, where drivers are rewarded with tokens for their services. Similarly, DIMO AutoPI creates a mobility network that rewards users for sharing data from their vehicles, enhancing transparency and efficiency in the transportation sector.

移動和運輸產業也因 DePIN 而改變,像 DRIFE 這樣的平台基於區塊鏈提供共乘服務,讓司機可因服務獲得代幣獎勵。同樣地,DIMO AutoPI 創建了一個移動網路,用戶藉由分享其車輛數據獲得獎勵,提升運輸領域的透明度與效率。

Sensor networks represent another innovative use case, with projects like Smartpoint and PlanetWatch using decentralized sensor networks to collect environmental data. Participants deploy sensors and earn tokens for providing accurate data, fostering community-driven environmental monitoring.

感測器網路則是另一個創新應用場景,Smartpoint 和 PlanetWatch 等項目運用去中心化感測器網路來收集環境資料。參與者部署感測器並因提供準確數據而獲得代幣,推動社群驅動的環境監測。

These use cases illustrate the versatility of DePINs and their potential to disrupt traditional infrastructure models across multiple industries. For instance, Helium has expanded to include Helium Mobile, with significant signups in a year, and partners with major networks like Telefónica for coverage, demonstrating its growing adoption.

這些應用案例展現 DePIN 的多樣性及其顛覆多個產業傳統基礎設施模型的潛力。例如,Helium 已擴展至 Helium Mobile,僅一年內便有大量用戶註冊,並與 Telefónica 等大型網絡合作拓展覆蓋範圍,顯示其採用度不斷攀升。

Similarly, Filecoin’s decentralized storage model offers a safer, more reliable alternative to centralized providers like AWS or Dropbox, reducing vulnerabilities and improving pricing efficiency. These examples highlight how DePINs can create more equitable and resilient infrastructure landscapes, aligning with the broader Web3 narrative.

同樣地,Filecoin 的去中心化儲存模式,提供比 AWS、Dropbox 等集中式供應商更安全且更可靠的選擇,降低風險並提升價格效率。這些範例凸顯 DePIN 如何打造更公平、更具韌性的基礎設施格局,呼應更廣泛的 Web3 發展趨勢。

Building a DePIN

Creating a DePIN involves several key steps that combine technological expertise with community engagement. The first step is defining objectives, which involves clearly outlining what the DePIN aims to achieve - whether it’s providing wireless connectivity, storage solutions, or energy distribution. This requires a thorough understanding of the target market and the specific needs it addresses, such as bridging the digital divide in underserved areas or promoting renewable energy adoption.

打造 DePIN 需要結合技術專業與社群參與的多個關鍵步驟。第一步是明確定義目標,包括清楚說明 DePIN 預計達成的任務—無論是提供無線連接、儲存解決方案,還是能源分配,都必須深入了解目標市場及其特定需求,例如彌合數位落差或推動再生能源普及。

Next is choosing a blockchain platform, which must meet the project’s needs in terms of scalability, security, and cost. For example, Ethereum is popular for its smart contract capabilities, while IoTeX offers specialized features for IoT and DePINs, simplifying deployment through tools like W3bstream devnet IoTeX, which can reduce capital costs by an order of magnitude and time from years to weeks.

接下來是選擇區塊鏈平台,這個選擇應能在擴展性、安全性及成本方面滿足專案需求。舉例來說,Ethereum 因智能合約功能廣受歡迎,而 IoTeX 則針對物聯網與 DePIN 提供專門功能,透過 W3bstream devnet IoTeX 這樣的工具簡化部署,讓資本成本可降低一個數量級,部屬時間從數年縮短到數週。

Establishing token economics is crucial, as it involves designing a token model that incentivizes participation and aligns with the network’s goals. This includes deciding on token distribution, reward mechanisms, and governance structures, ensuring that participants are motivated to contribute and maintain the network.

建立代幣經濟模型十分關鍵,這涉及設計一個能激勵參與並與網路目標契合的代幣制度。內容包括決定代幣分配、獎勵機制和治理架構,確保參與者有動力持續貢獻並維護網路運作。

Developing smart contracts is another critical step, as these contracts automate transactions and reward distribution, requiring security audits to prevent vulnerabilities. For instance, in energy distribution DePINs, smart contracts facilitate peer-to-peer energy trading by automatically executing transactions when certain conditions are met. Deploying hardware is also essential, depending on the type of DePIN - wireless networks might require setting up hotspots, while storage solutions might involve connecting hard drives to the network.

開發智能合約也是重要步驟,合約可自動化交易與獎勵分配,因此需進行安全稽核以預防漏洞。以能源分配 DePIN 為例,智能合約可在符合條件時自動執行點對點能源交易。硬體部署同樣重要,取決於 DePIN 類型—無線網路可能需建置熱點,而儲存解決方案可能涉及將硬碟連接到網路。

Engaging the community is vital for success, as it involves attracting participants by offering clear incentives and building a supportive community through marketing, educational campaigns, and partnerships. For example, Helium raised $360 million to build its DePIN protocol, highlighting the importance of community funding and engagement.

社群參與對成功至關重要,這包括透過明確的獎勵措施吸引參與者,並透過行銷、教育宣導及合作關係建立支持性社群。例如 Helium 為建構其 DePIN 協議籌集了 3.6 億美元,突顯社群資金與參與的重要性。

Ensuring security is paramount, as decentralized networks must protect against cyber threats while maintaining data privacy, using encryption techniques and decentralized governance models. Tools like IoTeX’s W3bstream devnet can simplify the deployment process, reducing both time and cost, making it easier for projects to scale. In summary, building a DePIN requires a strategic approach that balances technological innovation with community involvement.

確保安全性至關重要,因為去中心化網路必須防範網路威脅並維護資料隱私,需採用加密技術及去中心化治理模型。像 IoTeX 的 W3bstream devnet 這類工具可簡化布署流程,同時降低時間與成本,讓專案更容易擴展。總結來說,建構 DePIN 需兼顧技術創新與社群參與的策略性規劃。

Challenges and Considerations

While DePINs hold immense promise, they also face several challenges that must be addressed for widespread adoption. Scalability is a significant concern, as ensuring that the network can handle increasing demand without compromising performance is crucial as more users join.

雖然 DePIN 潛力巨大,但若要廣泛採用,仍需克服若干挑戰。可擴展性是一大重點,隨著用戶數量增加,必須確保網路能在不影響效能的前提下應付日益增長的需求。

For instance, as more participants contribute resources, the infrastructure must scale efficiently to maintain service quality, which can be technically complex. Interoperability is another hurdle, as connecting different DePINs and integrating them with existing infrastructure is essential for creating a cohesive ecosystem. Lack of standardization could limit cross-network functionality, hindering adoption.

舉例來說,隨著越來越多參與者貢獻資源,基礎設施必須有效擴展以維持服務品質,這在技術上相當複雜。互通性則是另一障礙,不同的 DePIN 如何相互連結、並與現有基礎設施整合,對於打造完整生態系至關重要。標準化不足會限制跨網路運作功能,進而阻礙普及。

Participants must trust the network to safeguard their information, especially in industries like healthcare or finance, where data breaches can have severe consequences. Regulatory hurdles also pose challenges, as navigating legal frameworks around physical infrastructure and cryptocurrencies varies by jurisdiction. This regulatory uncertainty could slow adoption, particularly in regulated sectors like telecoms, where compliance with local laws is essential.

參與者必須信任網路能保護其資訊安全,尤其是在醫療或金融等對資料保護極為敏感的產業。監管障礙也可能阻擋發展,因為各地對實體基礎設施和加密貨幣的法規不盡相同。這種監管不確定性可能放緩 DePIN 的普及,尤其是在電信等強調合規的受管制產業內更為明顯。

Additionally, mass adoption depends on reaching a critical mass of participants willing to contribute resources, which may be deterred by high initial costs, lack of technical expertise, or unclear short-term benefits.

此外,能否大規模普及還仰賴是否能吸引足夠多參與者貢獻資源。高額初期成本、技術門檻或短期效益不明,都可能降低大眾參與意願。

Overcoming these challenges will require robust protocols, standardization efforts, and collaboration between projects, regulators, and industry stakeholders. Education and showcasing successful case studies will also be key to overcoming market resistance, particularly in regions where the advantages of decentralization may not be immediately apparent to users accustomed to traditional infrastructure.

解決上述問題需仰賴健全的協議、標準化努力,並促進項目方、監管單位及產業相關者的協作。教育推廣及展示成功案例同樣關鍵,特別是在對分散式基礎設施尚未有概念的市場,降低用戶抗性至關重要。

While challenges exist, the potential for DePINs to transform infrastructure is significant, provided these hurdles are addressed effectively.

雖然仍有挑戰待克服,但只要能有效解決,DePIN 將有機會大幅改變全球基礎設施格局。

Market Statistics and Growth

The growth of DePINs is evident not only in adoption trends but also in market capitalization and user participation. As of April 2025, the DePIN sector boasts a total market cap of approximately $14.3 billion, with major contributors like Filecoin, Helium, and Arweave leading the charge. Filecoin alone accounts for over 50% of this figure, underlining the viability of decentralized storage as a cornerstone of the DePIN movement. Helium, meanwhile, has surpassed 1 million deployed hotspots globally, reflecting tangible infrastructure deployment and significant user participation.

DePIN 的成長不僅反映在採用趨勢上,也體現在市值及用戶參與度。至 2025 年 4 月,DePIN 產業的總市值已達約 143 億美元,Filecoin、Helium 和 Arweave 等大廠領銜其間。僅 Filecoin 一個項目就占據超過 50% 的市值,突顯去中心化儲存已成 DePIN 運動的基石。同時,Helium 部署熱點數已突破百萬,展現出實質基礎設施布建和用戶參與的成果。

Projections from Messari place the total addressable market for DePINs at $2.2 trillion today, with expectations of reaching $3.5 trillion by 2028. This growth is fueled by broader adoption of IoT devices, increased demand for edge computing, and a general trend toward decentralization. Statista forecasts over 25 billion connected IoT devices by 2028, many of which could directly interact with or be supported by DePIN infrastructure. These trends suggest an accelerating convergence between physical and digital infrastructure, where DePINs will play a foundational role.

根據 Messari 預測,目前 DePIN 的總可觸及市場約為 2.2 兆美元,預計到 2028 年將成長至 3.5 兆美元。這成長動能來自於物聯網裝置的普及、邊緣運算需求增加,以及整體走向去中心化的趨勢。Statista 預估,2028 年全球連網物聯網裝置將超過 250 億台,其中許多可直接互動或仰賴 DePIN 基礎建設。這些趨勢顯示物理與數位基礎設施正加速整合,而 DePIN 將扮演基石角色。

Investor interest further underscores this momentum. DePIN-related projects have collectively raised hundreds of millions in funding. Helium alone secured $360 million to expand its 5G network and token model, while newer entrants like DIMO and Powerledger continue to attract ecosystem funding. VCs and strategic investors increasingly view DePINs as a key pillar in the Web3 landscape, akin to DeFi or NFTs in earlier cycles.

投資人的高度關注也推動這一波趨勢。各大 DePIN 項目已合計募資數億美元。Helium 光是為擴展 5G 網路和代幣經濟便募得 3.6 億美元,而 DIMO、Powerledger 等新進參與者也持續獲得生態圈資金。創投和策略投資人日益將 DePIN 視為 Web3 生態的核心支柱,就像上一波的 DeFi 或 NFT 一樣。

FInal thoughts

DePINs represent a transformative shift in how infrastructure is built, accessed, and governed. By decentralizing ownership and control, they offer a more resilient, inclusive, and community-driven alternative to traditional infrastructure systems. From wireless networks and storage to energy grids and transportation, DePINs are redefining what’s possible when real-world systems intersect with Web3 principles.

DePIN 代表著基礎設施建構、存取及治理模式的重大變革。透過分散所有權與控制權,DePIN 為傳統基礎設施提供了更具韌性、包容性及社群化的替代方案。從無線網路、儲存到能源電網和運輸系統,DePIN 正在重新定義當現實世界系統與 Web3 原則結合時的各種可能性。

Despite hurdles such as regulatory uncertainty, security concerns, and the need for broader education, the long-term outlook for DePINs remains promising. Projects like Filecoin, Helium, and Powerledger demonstrate the tangible impact of this model, while ongoing innovation - particularly around interoperability, scalability, and incentive structures - will likely unlock even greater potential.

儘管仍面臨監管不確定性、安全性疑慮及推動大眾教育等挑戰,DePIN 的長期前景依然樂觀。Filecoin、Helium、Powerledger 展現了此模式的實質影響力,隨著互通性、擴展性及激勵機制的創新持續推進,潛力勢必進一步釋放。

As the world becomes more connected and the demand for decentralized alternatives grows, DePINs stand poised to be a foundational element of the next generation of infrastructure - democratized, tokenized, and powered by the people.

隨著世界聯結更緊密、對去中心化方案的需求提升,DePIN 已準備好成為下一世代基礎設施的基石—實現民主化、代幣化並由全民共同驅動。

免責聲明與風險警告: 本文提供的資訊僅供教育與參考用途,並基於作者觀點,不構成財務、投資、法律或稅務建議。 加密貨幣資產具有高度波動性並伴隨高風險,包括可能損失全部或大部分投資金額。買賣或持有加密資產可能並不適合所有投資者。 本文中所表達的觀點僅代表作者立場,不代表 Yellow、其創辦人或管理層的官方政策或意見。 請務必自行進行充分研究(D.Y.O.R.),並在做出任何投資決策前諮詢持牌金融專業人士。
DePIN 網路詳解:現實世界基礎建設如何結合 Web3 激勵機制 | Yellow.com