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加密貨幣與股票市場的聯動關係:每位投資人必須了解的事

May, 03 2025 17:31
加密貨幣與股票市場的聯動關係:每位投資人必須了解的事

四月初,隨著標普500指數因就業數據優於預期上漲1.5%,比特幣短短數小時就飆升3.2%。以太幣緊隨其後,上漲2.8%,主要交易所的成交量暴增至30天平均值的127%。這種同步行情不是巧合,而是傳統股票與加密貨幣市場自比特幣誕生以來「關係日漸複雜」的最佳寫照。

對投資人、交易者與金融分析師而言,理解這種關聯已成制定有效市場策略的關鍵。當數位資產從邊緣實驗發展成4.2兆美元、與主流金融融合的龐大市場,其與股票的連動關係日益強化、削弱甚至轉型,值得深入剖析。

2009年中本聰發明比特幣時,它幾乎與華爾街隔絕。當時主流看法將其視為傳統金融替代方案──這個數位資產類別被寄望可成為對抗市場波動與央行政策的避風港。

這個「獨立論述」在2017年比特幣首度大牛市時仍站得住腳。當時比特幣暴漲近1400%,但價格波動與主要股票指數關聯極低。2017年比特幣與標普500的皮爾森相關係數僅為0.15,幾乎沒有意義上的聯動。

然而,2020年3月新冠疫情引爆的流動性危機,使得比特幣與股票齊跌,相關係數一度飆升至0.6──比過去幾年高出許多。

機構投資者的進場更加快這種整合。到2023年,機構投資者貢獻比特幣74%的交易量──2017年僅為20%。大型企業將比特幣納入資產負債表,傳統金融機構開始開設加密貨幣交易業務與投資產品。

進入2025年,雙方關係更加成熟。彭博終端機數據顯示,過去一年比特幣與納斯達克綜合指數的30天滾動相關平均為0.51──雖高於歷史常態,但期間仍有明顯的聚合與分歧。

為什麼加密貨幣會跟著股票走?

投資人基礎重疊

兩者最顯著的連結來自相同的投資人基礎。機構投資人不再質疑加密貨幣,主動將部分資產配置到數位資產。當這些大型玩家調整風險曝險時,影響會同時擴及傳統與加密市場。

Chainalysis數據顯示,機構現已掌控約63%的比特幣流通供給量,2021年時僅為48%。這些機構同時擁有大量股票部位,自然加深了聯動性。

風險偏好切換(Risk-On/Risk-Off)

加密貨幣已被認定為「風險性資產」,投資人看好經濟成長時,傾向押注加密與高成長股;市場緊張或壓力情境,投資人則通常同時減碼這兩類資產,轉而擁抱公債、黃金等避險選擇。

以聯準會貨幣政策為例。2025年1月聯準會釋出降息訊號時,納指與比特幣齊漲──三天內科技指數漲3.1%,比特幣則大漲7.2%。反之,3月通膨數據超預期導致兩市同步修正。

金融科技與創新融合

金融科技與加密基礎建設的整合,讓市場聯繫大幅增強。如今大型金融機構同時開放股票與加密貨幣交易,而區塊鏈技術也漸漸融入傳統金融領域。

這種技術融合也延伸到市場基礎設施。例如2025年2月,貝萊德的以太幣現貨ETF在紐約證交所掛牌,首月即吸引超過50億美元資產,這類產品讓加密價格直接連結傳統交易機制與投資人行為。

天然盟友還是偶發同路人?

加密貨幣與科技類股的高聯動值得特別關注。自2022年來,比特幣與納斯達克的相關係數(0.45-0.65)明顯高於與標普500(一般為0.35-0.55)。

造成這種現象的幾個關鍵因素:

技術創新作為基礎

兩類資產的價值都建立在創新和網路效應之上。促使科技股價值提升的技術進展,也常常推動加密貨幣體系發展。

例如2025年2月英偉達(Nvidia)宣布AI晶片重大突破,其股價漲9.2%,同時AI主題加密貨幣(如Render Token、Fetch.ai)也分別大漲12.6%和15.1%,兩大產業對技術突破反應高度一致。

財務表現特性

科技公司和加密專案常優先發展成長,而非即時獲利,雙方都賦予未來前景高估值,且依賴網絡效應。

這讓兩者對利率動向格外敏感。2025年3月聯準會上調利率前景時,無論納指還是主流加密貨幣價格都同步快速修正──投資人對成長資產的評價急速調整。

人才流動重疊

科技公司與加密專案間的人才流動也強化了二者關聯。僅2024年,就有超過3,800位專業人士從FAANG(Meta、Apple、Amazon、Netflix、Google/Alphabet)跳槽至加密公司。

這種跨界交流,讓雙方在技術進展和市場應對上產生共同趨勢。

加密貨幣自走其道的時刻

儘管聯動性升高,加密貨幣偶爾仍會脫離股市獨立波動,被稱為「脫鉤」現象,凸顯其獨特性。

法規政策催化

加密貨幣市場對法規格外敏感,往往在股票市場無反應時大幅波動。2025年3月美國證券交易委員會核准DeFi平台法規框架後,去中心化金融板塊兩天內勁揚18.3%,同期美股卻波瀾不驚。

而當2月歐洲監管機構強化加密課稅時,比特幣大跌6.7%,即使股市上漲也無法帶動。這些案例證明法規消息可短暫蓋過兩市聯動。

供給動態與技術事件

與股票不同,許多加密貨幣有穩定供給和特定技術事件會推動價格獨立波動。像2024年4月比特幣進行第四次「減半」後,接下來三個月其與納指相關係數只剩0.21,同期比特幣大幅跑贏股市。

其它如協議升級或代幣發放也會引發加密貨幣獨有價格走勢,暫時打破既有連動慣例。

新興市場採用潮

在貨幣不穩或銀行服務匱乏的地區,加密貨幣需求常獨立於成熟市場。2024年阿根廷爆發貨幣危機時,當地加密交易量暴增347%,並出現比全球市場高12%的本地溢價,與美股波動毫無關聯。

這種地區性採用形成對全球性市場波動的抗壓性。Chainalysis數據顯示2024年新興市場加密交易量年增38%,發達市場僅17%,說明用戶基礎正擴大、日益不受傳統市場牽動。

同時牽動兩市的無形之手

儘管個別案例會觸發短暫脫鉤,從長線看,加密貨幣和股票最終還是回答宏觀經濟基本面,這也塑造了長期聯動的底層邏輯。

通膨與貨幣政策

各國央行仍是兩大市場驅動力。2025年1月聯準會主席鮑爾釋出暫停升息訊號後,標普500與比特幣齊漲──股市一天內漲1.8%,比特幣則24小時內大漲4.3%。

通膨數據也同步刺激兩市行情。4月消費者物價指數報告顯示通膨降至2.4%,同時激勵股市與加密貨幣一同上漲,因投資人預期貨幣政策將轉為寬鬆。 Growth Indicators
成長指標

Broader economic indicators consistently influence both asset classes. Strong employment reports, manufacturing data, and consumer spending figures typically boost both stocks and cryptocurrencies, while signs of economic contraction pressure both markets downward.
更廣泛的經濟指標持續影響這兩種資產類別。強勁的就業報告、製造業數據和消費者支出數字通常會提振股票與加密貨幣市場,而經濟收縮的跡象則會對兩者帶來下行壓力。

This shared sensitivity to economic fundamentals creates a backbone of correlation that persists despite periodic divergences. First-quarter GDP data exceeding expectations in April 2025 corresponded with multi-week rallies in both markets, with the S&P 500 gaining 4.2% and Bitcoin rising 7.8% over the subsequent 10 trading days.
這種對經濟基本面的共同敏感性,造就了兩者之間持續存在的相關性主軸,儘管偶爾會有分歧。2025年4月公布的第一季GDP數據超乎預期,帶動這兩大市場連續數週上漲,標普500指數在隨後的十個交易日上漲了4.2%,比特幣則上升了7.8%。

Global Risk Sentiment

全球風險情緒

Geopolitical developments and shifts in global risk appetite affect capital flows across all asset classes. The regional banking crisis of March 2023 demonstrated how contagion fears can spread across financial systems, impacting both traditional and digital assets simultaneously.
地緣政治發展及全球風險偏好的變化會影響所有資產類別的資本流動。2023年3月的地區性銀行危機證明了恐慌情緒如何在金融體系間擴散,同時波及傳統與數位資產。

More recently, tensions in the South China Sea in February 2025 triggered risk-off sentiment that affected both markets, with the Nasdaq dropping 2.7% and Bitcoin falling 4.5% in a single trading session. Such events reinforce the reality that both markets now exist within the same global financial ecosystem, subject to similar investor psychology and risk assessment.
近期,在2025年2月,南海緊張局勢引發了避險情緒,影響到了這兩大市場,納斯達克單日下跌2.7%,比特幣則下跌4.5%。這些事件強化了這樣的現實:兩者如今同處於同一個全球金融生態系統,受到類似的投資者心理與風險評估所影響。

Institutional Integration

機構化整合

The growing institutional presence in cryptocurrency markets represents perhaps the most significant factor driving correlation with traditional equities. This integration has accelerated dramatically in recent years, reshaping market dynamics.
加密貨幣市場中機構參與度的提升,或許是推動其與傳統股票市場相關性最為重要的因素。這種整合近年加速發展,重新塑造了市場動態。

ETFs and Traditional Financial Products

ETF 與傳統金融商品

The approval of spot Bitcoin ETFs in January 2024 marked a watershed moment, bringing billions in institutional capital to the cryptocurrency market through familiar investment vehicles. By May 2025, these ETFs collectively managed over $36 billion in assets, with daily trading volumes regularly exceeding $1.2 billion.
2024年1月現貨比特幣ETF的核准是一個分水嶺,透過熟悉的投資工具引入數十億機構資金進入加密貨幣市場。到2025年5月,這些ETF的總資產管理規模已超過360億美元,日均成交量經常超過12億美元。

This development created direct transmission mechanisms between equity market flows and cryptocurrency valuations. When broad market selling pressure emerged in March 2025, Bitcoin ETFs experienced outflows of $420 million over five trading days, contributing to downward pressure on Bitcoin's price that mirrored broader equity market declines.
此發展建立了股票市場資金流向與加密貨幣價格之間的直接傳導機制。2025年3月大盤拋售壓力浮現時,比特幣ETF在五個交易日內出現4.2億美元資金流出,導致比特幣價格隨著股票市場一同下跌。

Corporate Treasury Adoption

企業財庫採納

Major corporations continuing to add Bitcoin and other digital assets to their balance sheets further cements the relationship between cryptocurrencies and corporate financial health. As of April 2025, 32 public companies held Bitcoin worth over $12 billion on their balance sheets, according to Bitcoin Treasuries data.
大型企業持續將比特幣及其他數位資產納入其資產負債表,進一步鞏固了加密貨幣與企業財務健康之間的關聯。根據 Bitcoin Treasuries 的資料,截至2025年4月,有32家上市公司持有比特幣,市值超過120億美元。

This integration means that factors affecting corporate valuations - interest rates, earnings expectations, and economic outlook - now directly influence cryptocurrency demand through corporate treasury activities. When MicroStrategy announced an additional $500 million Bitcoin purchase in February 2025, the company's stock and Bitcoin briefly moved in tandem as investors processed the implications for both assets.
這種整合意味著影響企業估值的因素—如利率、盈餘預期與經濟展望—如今可通過企業財庫活動直接牽動加密貨幣的需求。2025年2月,MicroStrategy 宣布增購5億美元比特幣時,公司股價與比特幣價格一度同步上漲,因投資者同時消化此舉對兩種資產的影響。

Professional Trading Operations

專業交易操作

Sophisticated trading firms now apply similar strategies across both markets, often using algorithms that respond to the same technical indicators and market signals. According to a JPMorgan survey, 78% of proprietary trading desks now trade both cryptocurrencies and equities, up from 45% in 2022.
先進的交易公司如今在這兩大市場應用相似的策略,常以演算法追蹤相同的技術指標與市場訊號。根據 摩根大通調查,自營交易台同時涉足加密貨幣與股票交易的比例從2022年的45%提升至現在的78%。

These professional operations often employ strategies that explicitly leverage correlation, including statistical arbitrage approaches that profit from temporary divergences between related assets across traditional and crypto markets. Such strategies can actually reinforce correlation over time by quickly closing gaps when prices temporarily decouple.
這些專業操作常運用明確倚賴相關性的策略,包括統計套利,在傳統與加密市場間對相關資產的短暫價差進行套利。這類策略透過快速彌平暫時脫鉤的價差,反而隨時間加強市場間的相關性。

Projecting Future Correlation Patterns

未來相關性走勢展望

As the cryptocurrency market continues maturing, its relationship with equities will likely become increasingly nuanced. Several evolving factors will shape this relationship in coming years:
隨著加密貨幣市場持續成熟,與股票市場的關係也將趨於細緻。未來幾年,多項演變中的因素將影響兩者之間的連動:

Regulatory Clarity

監管明朗化

The ongoing development of comprehensive regulatory frameworks for digital assets will influence correlation patterns. Clear regulations that facilitate institutional participation may strengthen connections with traditional markets, while restrictive policies could temporarily increase decoupling events.
數位資產的全面監管架構持續發展,將影響相關性走勢。若監管規範利於機構參與,與傳統市場的連動將更強;若政策收緊,則暫時性的市場脫鉤事件可能增加。

The forthcoming decisions from global financial regulators on central bank digital currencies, stablecoin oversight, and DeFi governance will be particularly consequential for how these markets interact.
全球金融監管機構即將對央行數位貨幣、穩定幣監督以及 DeFi 治理等議題做出決策,這些決策對兩大市場的互動將產生重大影響。

Market Maturation

市場成熟化

As cryptocurrency markets grow more liquid and develop more sophisticated derivatives markets, their behavior may increasingly resemble traditional financial markets. The cryptocurrency options market has grown over 215% since 2023, now representing over $16 billion in daily trading volume and enabling more complex risk management strategies similar to those used in equities markets.
隨著加密貨幣市場愈發流動並發展出更成熟的衍生品市場,其運作行為將越來越類似傳統金融市場。自2023年以來,加密貨幣選擇權市場規模成長超過215%,目前每日成交量已突破160億美元,並使市場能採用更多與股市類似的複雜風險管理策略。

This infrastructure development supports institutional participation but may also reduce some of the unique market dynamics that have historically caused cryptocurrencies to diverge from equities.
這樣的基礎建設進步有助於吸引機構參與,但同時也可能削弱過去導致加密貨幣與股票市場分歧的獨特市場動態。

Mainstream Adoption Milestones

主流採用里程碑

Progress toward everyday cryptocurrency usage could potentially reduce correlation with speculative assets over time. The implementation of Bitcoin as legal tender in multiple countries since El Salvador's pioneering move in 2021 represents steps toward utility-driven valuation models rather than purely speculative ones.
加密貨幣若成為日常支付手段,長期可能會減少與投機性資產的相關性。自2021年薩爾瓦多率先採用比特幣為法定貨幣後,其他多國跟進,使比特幣逐步走向以實用為基礎,而非純粹投機的價值模式。

Payment processors report that cryptocurrency transaction volumes for actual goods and services increased 87% year-over-year in 2024, suggesting gradual progress toward usage patterns that might eventually reduce correlation with purely speculative assets.
支付處理廠商回報,2024年加密貨幣於實體商品與服務交易額年增87%,顯示實用導向用法正穩步成長,未來可能降低其與純投機資產的相關性。

Strategic Implications for Market Participants

市場參與者的策略涵義

The evolving relationship between cryptocurrencies and stocks creates both challenges and opportunities for different market participants:
加密貨幣與股票之間持續演變的關係,為不同市場參與者帶來挑戰與機會:

For Investors

對投資人

The strengthened correlation challenges conventional portfolio diversification strategies. When Bitcoin was uncorrelated with traditional assets, it offered clear diversification benefits despite its volatility. Current correlation patterns suggest investors may need more sophisticated approaches to achieve true diversification.
相關性增強對傳統資產配置多元化策略構成挑戰。當比特幣尚未與傳統資產掛鉤時,儘管波動大,但能明顯分散投資風險。現今的相關性型態則顯示,投資人可能需採用更精細的策略,才能真正達到分散效果。

Tactical asset allocation strategies have evolved in response, with many investment firms now treating Bitcoin as part of their "risk asset" allocation that gets adjusted alongside equity exposure based on macroeconomic conditions.
因此,資產配置策略有所變化,許多投資機構現已將比特幣視為「風險資產」的一部分,會依據總體經濟情勢與股票曝險同步調整其比重。

For Traders

對交易員

For active traders, correlation patterns offer predictive value and arbitrage opportunities. Many quantitative trading strategies now incorporate "correlation trading" approaches that profit from temporary divergences between cryptocurrency and equity markets that are expected to reconverge.
對於主動型交易員而言,相關性型態可提供預測價值與套利機會。許多量化交易策略採用「相關性套利」方法,利用加密貨幣與股票市場暫時脫鉤、預期將再度趨同的價差進行獲利。

These strategies typically monitor correlation breakdowns in real-time and position for a return to established relationships - effectively betting that temporary decoupling will prove short-lived in most cases.
這些策略會即時監控相關性分離現象,押注於價差回歸原有關係,多數情況下即是認為脫鉤為短暫現象。

For Businesses

對企業

For companies operating in the digital asset space, understanding correlation has operational implications. Cryptocurrency mining firms, exchanges, and service providers now routinely hedge their business exposure to account for how broader market conditions affect their revenue streams and treasury holdings.
對數位資產領域的企業而言,理解相關性具有實際營運意義。加密貨幣挖礦企業、交易所及服務業者如今已慣常性地對沖其營運曝險,因應大盤市況變動對其營收與財務部位的影響。

This corporate risk management approach increasingly resembles practices in traditional finance, with companies using derivatives and diverse treasury strategies to manage exposure to both crypto-specific and broader market factors.
這類企業風險管理方法日益趨近傳統金融作法,採用衍生性商品與多元財務策略,同時控管加密專屬及大盤層面的風險曝險。

Final thoughts

最後思考

The relationship between cryptocurrency and equity markets continues to evolve, reflecting the integration of digital assets into the broader financial ecosystem. While correlation has generally strengthened over time, it remains dynamic - influenced by market structure, regulatory developments, technological innovation, and changing investor behavior.
加密貨幣與股市的關係持續演進,反映出數位資產逐步融入全球金融生態系。雖然整體相關性隨時間而增強,這種關係仍呈動態變化—受到市場結構、監管發展、技術創新與投資者行為改變影響。

For market participants, this relationship demands continuous reassessment and adaptive strategies. The days when cryptocurrency could be analyzed in isolation have clearly passed, but so too has the simplistic view that digital assets merely amplify stock market movements. Instead, a more nuanced understanding recognizes both the connections and distinctions between these markets.
對市場參與者而言,這種關係需要持續檢視與策略調整。單純以孤立方式分析加密貨幣的年代已過,把數位資產僅當作放大股市波動的簡單思維也不再合時宜;反而應以更細緻的方式,理解其與傳統市場之間的聯繫與差異。

As traditional finance and cryptocurrency markets continue their convergence, correlation patterns will likely reflect this hybrid reality - with periods of tight correlation punctuated by divergences driven by factors unique to each market. This dynamic relationship ultimately reflects cryptocurrency's dual nature: as both an alternative to traditional finance and, increasingly, an extension of it.
隨著傳統金融與加密市場持續融合,相關性將反映這種混合現實——大部分時候呈現高度連動,中間又夾雜各自驅動的脫鉤時期。這種動態關係最終展現出加密貨幣的雙重本質:既是傳統金融的替代品,也愈發成為其延伸。

免責聲明與風險警告: 本文提供的資訊僅供教育與參考用途,並基於作者觀點,不構成財務、投資、法律或稅務建議。 加密貨幣資產具有高度波動性並伴隨高風險,包括可能損失全部或大部分投資金額。買賣或持有加密資產可能並不適合所有投資者。 本文中所表達的觀點僅代表作者立場,不代表 Yellow、其創辦人或管理層的官方政策或意見。 請務必自行進行充分研究(D.Y.O.R.),並在做出任何投資決策前諮詢持牌金融專業人士。
加密貨幣與股票市場的聯動關係:每位投資人必須了解的事 | Yellow.com