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什麼是新型銀行(Neobanks)及其如何擁抱數位貨幣

Kostiantyn TsentsuraJun, 23 2025 17:37
什麼是新型銀行(Neobanks)及其如何擁抱數位貨幣

新型銀行(Neobanks) 已成為銀行業的變革力量,提供全數位的金融服務,深受加密貨幣世代青睞。這些純線上銀行不設實體分行,透過先進科技,在行動App與網路平台完成所有銀行業務。隨著加密貨幣愈來愈普及,許多新型銀行也整合加密貨幣功能,讓傳統金融與數位資產的界線更加模糊。

在這篇文章中,我們將解析新型銀行的定義、與傳統銀行的區別、不同的新型銀行模式,以及它們與加密貨幣日益緊密的關聯。同時,我們也會探討新型銀行興起的背景、其優缺點、全球知名案例、地區監管差異,以及在不斷演變的加密金融科技生態系中,這些創新者未來的發展可能。

1. 什麼是新型銀行?-定義與概述

新型銀行(又稱“新世代銀行”)指的是完全線上運作、不設任何實體分行的銀行。不同於擁有實體據點的傳統銀行,新型銀行僅透過行動App和網頁介面提供銀行服務。它們提供的核心服務與傳統銀行相似,如活期(支票)帳戶、付款、儲蓄,有時還包括貸款,但更強調以行動裝置為中心的使用體驗。新型銀行常結合即時餘額更新、消費提醒、預算工具及AI智能分析,吸引重視科技的用戶。由於免去了分行與櫃台的人事和租金支出,新型銀行通常能收取更低的費用,或提供更具吸引力的利率。

值得一提的是,新型銀行可視為“挑戰者銀行”(challenger banks)的一種。雖然傳統銀行也轉型加入數位業務,但新型銀行天生就屬於數位原生,沒有過去傳統基礎設施包袱。“Neobank”一詞源自希臘文 neo,意為“新”,強調其為網路時代而生的新銀行型態。大多數新型銀行以金融科技公司(fintech)結構運作,通常與持牌銀行合作或取得特定金融牌照,而不是一開始就持有完整銀行執照。這樣能讓它們用新技術與敏捷開發實現創新,同時提供銀行級服務。簡言之,新型銀行是一種數位原生金融服務供應商,強調便利、低費率與現代化功能,讓用戶能透過手機或電腦即時享受銀行體驗。

2. 新型銀行與傳統銀行-關鍵差異

新型銀行與傳統實體銀行在多個基礎面向都大為不同:

無實體分行:最明顯的差異在於新型銀行完全沒有自己的分行或ATM。所有業務-開戶、客服、存款、付款-全透過App或網站處理。這種無分行運營模式大幅降低了營運成本(如租金、人事、水電),讓新型銀行可提供更低甚至免費的基本帳戶費用,並常給予更高利率。相比之下,傳統銀行因維持據點開支,往往收取帳戶管理費,利率也不如新型銀行優惠。

科技與基礎建設:新型銀行建立於現代雲端基礎設施上,採用敏捷軟體開發,頻繁推出新功能,並運用先進技術如AI客服機器人。傳統銀行則多半沿用數十年前的核心系統,IT層次複雜且維護成本高,因此創新動作較慢。新型銀行因此能在功能與體驗上快速推陳出新,而傳統銀行需權衡技術負債與維繫舊有系統,數位創新速度有限。

商業模式與服務範疇:許多新型銀行一開始著重在少數核心服務(如支票帳戶與提款卡),專注打造極佳體驗,再逐步擴大業務。傳統銀行則多就業務齊全(貸款、房貸、信用卡、保險、投資等)。新型銀行初期通常精簡專業,瞄準特定族群或市場需求。例如,許多新型銀行起步只推出預付卡與預算App,之後再加入儲蓄或貸款服務。這種聚焦讓它們在利基市場打造流暢體驗,而傳統銀行則以全面服務見長,卻可能在用戶體驗上出現摩擦。

監管與執照:背後重要區別在於新型銀行的監管方式。許多新型銀行初期沒完整銀行執照,而是與持牌銀行合作、或持有電子貨幣牌照等方式經營。例如在美國,新型銀行常將客戶存款存放在FDIC保險的合作銀行,或在歐洲以電子貨幣機構執照經營支付服務。傳統銀行必須取得完整銀行執照,並遵守嚴格資本與報告要求。雖然新型銀行必須符合法規,但有時為了合規而須強調“XX不是銀行”,如Chime便靠合作銀行實際提供帳戶。歐洲有些新型銀行取得完整銀行執照(如N26、Monzo),也有的先以輕量化電子貨幣牌照營運再逐步申請正式銀行牌照。整體來說,新型銀行需遵從相同的客戶保障與安全標準,但多半以創新架構和試驗監管方式切入市場。

客戶體驗與可近性:新型銀行以流程精簡自豪,開戶只需手機數分鐘即可,數位KYC(如證件掃描及自拍認證)即時辦妥。傳統銀行開立某些帳戶仍須親自到分行辦理。新型銀行提供24/7應用內聊天或AI客服,傳統銀行多以上班時段電話或現場服務為主。對許多年輕、重視科技的用戶而言,新型銀行的便利性和體驗全面勝過傳統銀行。但偏好面對面或需要複雜金融諮詢(如房貸)者,仍可能選擇傳統銀行。此外,新型銀行對具體門檻較低,對信用紀錄不足的人或過去被拒絕開戶者,常提供無最低餘額帳戶和友善服務。

總結而言,新型銀行在運作(數位vs.實體、雲端新技術vs.舊有系統)及服務內容(聚焦產品、低費用、流暢UX vs. 全面產品及實體服務)上均與傳統銀行大不相同。兩者皆需遵循監管規範,但新型銀行善用創新結構,以成本與體驗優勢挑戰傳統業者。

3. 新型銀行的類型-獨立型與合作型

並非所有新型銀行都相同。大致可根據其營運模式及取得牌照方式,分為以下兩類:

全堆疊(獨立型)新型銀行:這類新型銀行本身就是完全獨立、拿到完整銀行執照的業者,負責前端用戶介面及後端銀行營運。具備自有銀行執照(如國家銀行執照),可直接持有客戶資金並接受監管。這類新型銀行全面掌控技術堆疊,包括App介面與核心銀行後台,因此能自主管理並開發多元服務,不須依賴第三方銀行。例如N26、Monzo、Starling Bank等,都經過嚴格程序取得銀行牌照。這些銀行屬於“獨立型”,即用戶資金直接由其持有,並多得到當地存款保障機制保障。全堆疊新型銀行擁有更大自主權,也有更多獲利機會(如放款),相對需承擔更重監管及資本要求。

前端為主(合作型)新型銀行:這類新型銀行注重用戶介面及顧客服務體驗,與一或多家傳統銀行合作,由對方負責實際持有資金及履行監管業務。合作型無自有銀行執照,需賴具有正式執照的銀行(或Banking-as-a-Service平台)提供核心銀行功能。新型銀行的App本質上是包裝在合作銀行架構上的現代使用者介面。對用戶來說,感受如同與新型銀行互動,但帳戶實際可能由合作銀行持有。例如Revolut起步時即為此模式,長期只持電子貨幣執照,靠合作繞過完整銀行執照門檻。美國多數新型銀行如Chime也是如此,透過與FDIC保險銀行(如The Bancorp Bank與Stride Bank)合作,才提供實際存款帳戶。 neobanks 在使用者體驗(UX)、功能創新和利基行銷方面表現出色,同時將受監管部分外包給已有牌照的機構。其優點是能更快上市,進入門檻較低(無需一開始就符合銀行資本要求)。缺點則是依賴性高——必須與合作夥伴共享收入,且在產品設計上彈性較小(受到合作夥伴能力及監管規範的限制)。

另一種分類方式是「全堆疊」(full-stack)和「輕堆疊」(light-stack)。全堆疊 neobank 會自行建構或擁有核心銀行系統;而輕堆疊(僅前端)neobank 基本上就是疊加在其他銀行牌照上的金融服務應用程式。隨著「銀行即服務」(BaaS, Banking-as-a-Service)供應商的崛起,前端型的模式變得非常普遍——新創金融科技公司可以直接串接提供預設銀行功能的 API 平台。這促成了各式各樣專為特定族群或需求打造的利基 neobank 的湧現,不必每家都從零開始取得全新銀行執照。

值得注意的是,有些 neobank 會從一種模式逐漸轉型到另一種。例如,Revolut 最初只是前端應用程式(電子貨幣機構),之後取得多國銀行牌照,朝向全堆疊發展。在美國,SoFi(一家線上放貸及數位銀行公司)則於 2022 年透過收購小型已設立銀行,拿到正式銀行執照,從純粹金融科技平台轉型為受監管銀行。因此,這兩種模式的界線有時會逐漸模糊。但理解這兩種原型還是非常有幫助:一種是「我們從零開始建了一家新銀行」;另一種則是「我們開發了一個很棒的應用,然後在幕後與銀行合作」。

4. 為何 Neobanks 會出現——歷史背景與驅動因素

Neobanks 的興起是多重因素共同造成的,主要出現在 2000 年末及 2010 年代:科技創新、消費者期待變遷、對傳統銀行的不滿,以及監管機關對新金融業者的鼓勵。

2008 年金融危機後的信任危機:2008 年的全球金融危機重創民眾對大型銀行的信任。當時的主流銀行專注於修復資產負債表與應對新監管,消費者則越來越不滿高額手續費和差勁的客戶服務。有些地區的監管單位希望提升銀行業的競爭,避免「大到不能倒」的問題並激勵創新。例如,英國在 2010 年後推動改革,讓新銀行更容易取得執照;歐盟則推出開放銀行相關法規(如下文提到的 PSD2)。這一切給新創公司留下了從頭改寫銀行定義的契機。

科技進步:2000 年後期與 2010 年代,智慧型手機使用爆炸性成長,高速行動網路與雲端運算普及。純粹靠 app 提供服務突然變得可行且可擴展。Fintech 創業家意識到,銀行服務其實和音樂或購物一樣可以在手機完成。在雲端建立與運營基本銀行平台的成本只是傳統分行的一小部分。API 這類技術也讓 KYC 驗證、支付網路等服務整合變得非常容易。資安技術的進步,也減少了大眾對於數位管理金錢的疑慮。這些技術基礎讓新創進入門檻大幅降低——一個小型新創只需要開發 app、再串接第三方銀行基礎建設,就能推出類銀行服務,而不需要老銀行龐大的 IT 部門。

消費者期待改變:新一代消費者(千禧世代與 Z 世代)在即時 app 與隨選服務的時代長大,開始對銀行服務有了相同便利性的要求。他們習慣於手機辦理一切事務,不愛跑分行,更重視 24 小時可用、即時通知,以及個人化體驗。傳統銀行經常難以滿足這些期待,不論是複雜難用的網路銀行介面,還是僅有朝九晚五的營業時間。Neobanks 抓住此機會,打造高度友善、行動優先的體驗,專為年輕數位原住民設計。像是消費記錄配上 emoji 通知、內建預算/收支圖表、極速開戶流程,這些功能對於覺得傳統網銀過時或難用的族群非常有吸引力。

金融科技熱潮與投資:2010 年代大量新創公司投入支付、放貸、個人理財領域。創投資金源源湧入 fintech,讓類似開新銀行這樣具規模的專案成為可能。創業者開始相信他們可以「拆解銀行」——推出極好用的單一產品(例如:零手續費預付卡),甚至徹底從客戶角度重造銀行模式。早期數位金融 app(如 PayPal,或肯亞的 M-Pesa 行動支付)證明非典型業者也能大規模處理金流。在投資人不斷砸錢下,新型挑戰者銀行迅速擴張與行銷,吸引數百萬用戶,傳統銀行要花上幾十年才能辦到的規模,他們幾年內完成。

法規變革與開放銀行:部分地區監管機構積極為 neobank 開路。歐洲的支出服務二號指令(PSD2)要求銀行將 API 對第三方開放,讓 fintech 能夠基於銀行資料構建服務。這項「開放銀行」計畫讓 neobank 和金融 app 能整合客戶在其他銀行的帳戶資料,促進同業競爭,打破原有壟斷。英國監管機構(FCA 和 PRA)2014 年開始設計更友善的新銀行執照申請流程,促成多家英國 neobank 成立。澳洲和香港也首次(2018–2019 年)發放全新數位銀行執照,明確希望推動創新。這類監管支持大大降低了可信科技新創進軍銀行業的門檻。

服務不足族群:許多 neobank 發現傳統銀行忽略了某些族群——無論是年輕人、自由工作者、中小企業,或是金融產業壟斷國家的民眾。例如巴西 Nubank 於 2013 年創立,因為當地銀行收費極高、服務又糟,數百萬尤其是年輕用戶蜂擁轉向 Nubank 免年費、全程 app 操作的信用卡和帳戶,讓 Nubank 成為拉丁美洲最大的 neobank。Neobank 經常鎖定「服務不足」或對銀行不滿意的人,提供簡化的開戶流程(免繁複文件、無最低餘額)和包容性功能。成功抓住這些未滿足的需求後,neobank 便迅速成長。2018 年全球 neobank 市場規模約為 186 億美元,預計以驚人的 46% 複合年增長率(CAGR)發展,2026 年將逼近 4,000 億美元——這正代表了驚人市場需求。

總結來說,neobank 的興起,源於對舊銀行的不信任、行動科技普及、新世代消費需求,以及主管機關的配合法規微調。他們剛出現時可說是一道清新選擇:像傳訊息一樣簡單的銀行、透明低廉的費用、各式現代功能。2015–2022 年 fintech「黃金爆發期」內,各地每年都有十幾家 neobank 新創誕生。雖然不是每一家都存活或持續壯大,但活下來的這些到 2020 年代中,累積用戶早已突破三億,證明了它們成立的合理性。

5. Neobank 對消費者與企業的優缺點

如同其他創新,neobank 也有其優勢與劣勢。以下就使用者(以及使用或合作的企業)角度,簡單整理其主要優缺點:

優點(Advantages):

便利與 24 小時隨時存取:Neobank 讓你隨時隨地用手機或電腦進行所有銀行業務。無需臨櫃——開戶、轉帳、繳費等全都可以遠端完成。對於忙碌族群或住得離實體分行遠的人來說,這種全天候服務非常加分。企業端亦受益,負責人隨時隨地掌握資金動向,不需配合銀行營業時間。

更低費用與更好利率:因為營運成本較低,neobank 的帳戶一般都免收月費、透支費較低,有些甚至國際交易免費或極低手續費,同時給出較高的儲蓄利率。這能為一般消費者省下大筆費用。對於小企業或自由工作者來說,neobank 能降低銀行業務成本(如免基本商業帳戶月費、國際匯款手續費低廉等)。

友善直覺的使用介面:Neobank 應用設計普遍直覺易懂、視覺乾淨流暢,易於操作。常搭配個人財務管理工具,像是消費分類、預算目標、儲蓄「小金庫」等。即時交易通知也大大幫助用戶管理資金。這種以用戶體驗為核心的做法,讓銀行業務不再難以親近,特別適合覺得傳統網銀繁瑣的群體。

創新功能:許多 neobank 領先推出新穎功能,後來也被既有銀行跟進。如即時消費通知、內建預算圖表、自動存錢(如零頭自動入存)、虛擬信用卡、卡片隨時凍結或解鎖等。某些還提供現金回饋、加密貨幣交易(後述)、或提前拿到薪水等特別功能。對企業來說,有些 neobank 支援即時開立發票、員工費用管理、或會計軟體整合等,一切數位化操作,極為便利。

快速、簡單的開戶流程:申請 neobank 帳戶通常非常迅速。你download the app, enter your info, upload ID documents, and often get an account ready to use within minutes (after identity verification). There’s no tedious paperwork. This is a boon for consumers who want a hassle-free experience. For entrepreneurs and startups, being able to open a business account online without a lengthy vetting process is extremely convenient, speeding up time to start operating.

下載應用程式,輸入你的資料,上傳身份證明文件,通常在身分驗證後幾分鐘內就能開好帳戶開始使用,無需繁瑣的文件作業。這對想要無障礙體驗的消費者來說是一大福音。對創業者和新創公司來說,能線上開立企業帳戶而不需漫長的審核,非常方便,加快了啟動營運的速度。

Financial Inclusion: Neobanks have lowered barriers to banking for many. People who might have been turned away by traditional banks (due to no credit history, lower income, or lack of local branches in their area) find neobanks more accessible. Many neobanks don’t require a minimum balance and have straightforward requirements, welcoming segments like students, gig economy workers, or the previously unbanked. By focusing on mobile delivery, neobanks can reach remote or underserved areas as long as there’s internet connectivity. In emerging markets, neobanks and fintech apps have brought millions into the formal financial system for the first time.

金融包容性:新型銀行大幅降低了許多人的銀行進入門檻。那些因沒有信用紀錄、收入較低或所在地沒有傳統銀行分行而被拒絕的人,發現新型銀行更容易取得服務。許多新型銀行不要求最低餘額,且申辦條件簡單,歡迎學生、臨時經濟工作者或過去未曾擁有銀行帳戶的人。新型銀行著重於行動服務,只要有網路連線,即可接觸偏遠或服務不足的地區。在新興市場,這些銀行和金融科技App首次讓數百萬人加入正規金融體系。

Transparency and Control: Generally, neobanks pride themselves on transparent pricing and easy control over your finances. Apps often show clearly any fees before you confirm a transaction. You can often self-service tasks that would require contacting support at a traditional bank – for example, adjusting your card’s spending limits, or categorizing transactions. This empowers users to feel more in control of their money, and reduces the frustration of dealing with bank bureaucracy.

透明與主動掌控權:一般來說,新型銀行以收費透明且能輕鬆自主管理財務為傲。應用程式通常會在你確認交易前清楚顯示所有手續費。許多原本須聯繫傳統銀行客服才能完成的事項,如調整卡片消費額度、對帳分類等,也都能自助操作。這讓用戶對自身資金有更大掌控權,免除面對銀行官僚作業的困擾。

Cons (Drawbacks):

Limited Product Range (at least initially): Most neobanks started with a narrow offering – perhaps just checking accounts and debit cards. Many still do not offer complex products like mortgages, extensive loan options, or investment products (unless through third parties). So if you need a full suite of financial services under one roof, a neobank might not (yet) fulfill all those needs. Some neobanks have added offerings over time or partnered for things like insurance or loans, but it can lead to a fragmented experience when third parties are involved. Businesses might find neobanks lacking in credit facilities or merchant services that a traditional bank could provide.

產品選擇有限(至少在起步階段):多數新型銀行起初僅提供有限的服務—例如只提供活期存款帳戶和金融卡。許多直到現在仍未提供如房貸、各式貸款、或投資商品(除非與第三方合作)。如果你想在一家銀行獲得完善的金融服務,新型銀行可能暫時無法滿足所有需求。有些業者後來陸續推出更多產品、或與第三方合作保險或貸款,但這容易導致用戶體驗碎片化。商業用戶則可能會發現新型銀行缺少傳統銀行能提供的信用融資或商戶服務。

No Physical Presence – Lack of Personal Touch: The absence of branches is a double-edged sword. While many enjoy not needing them, some customers do value being able to walk into a bank and speak to someone, especially for complex issues or large transactions. With neobanks, support is via chat, email, or phone. For those uncomfortable with digital interfaces or who prefer face-to-face service, neobanks can feel impersonal. Handling certain things (like notarizing documents, cash deposits, or simply getting in-person financial advice) is not possible at a neobank. This can be a drawback for people who aren’t tech-savvy or who have complicated banking needs. Businesses that handle a lot of cash, for example, might struggle with a bank that has no branch to deposit cash (though some neobanks partner with retail stores or ATM networks to facilitate cash deposits, usually for a fee).

沒有實體據點-缺乏人性化互動:沒有分行是把雙刃劍。雖然多人樂於免去跑分行的麻煩,但有些客戶仍然重視能進銀行當面處理複雜問題或大額交易。新型銀行通常僅能透過線上聊天、電子郵件或電話支援。對於不習慣數位操作或偏好面對面服務的人而言,新型銀行顯得不夠溫暖。有些事,如文件公證、現金存款、或單純想諮詢財務意見,無法在新型銀行實現。這對不熟悉科技或銀行需求較複雜的族群是缺點。比如經常處理現金的企業,若新型銀行沒分行讓你存現,就會很困擾(部分新型銀行有與零售門市或ATM合作協助現金存款,通常要收費)。

Trust and Brand Strength: Established banks have been around for decades (or centuries) and have built trust (even if begrudging) that they will safeguard money. Neobanks are relatively new and some customers might be hesitant to keep large sums or salary deposits in a fintech-run bank. While many neobanks do insure deposits (either directly or via partner banks), the lack of a long track record can make people nervous, especially older customers. High-profile failures of a few fintechs in the past can also fuel caution. In times of financial uncertainty, consumers might retreat to the perceived safety of big traditional banks. So, a neobank has to overcome the challenge of appearing reliable despite its youth. This is improving as some neobanks have now operated for years and gained millions of users without issues, but the trust gap still exists for a segment of users.

信任與品牌力:傳統銀行經營數十年甚至數百年,累積了安全感與信任度。新型銀行相對較新,一些用戶對將大筆存款或薪資直接放在新創銀行仍有疑慮。雖然多數新型銀行(直接或藉由合作銀行)也有存款保險,但因缺乏長期經驗記錄,仍令部分人(特別是年長客群)卻步。過去曾發生幾起金融科技公司倒閉事故,也加深謹慎心理。如果遇經濟不穩定時,消費者可能會回流至傳統大銀行尋求安全感。因此,新型銀行得克服「新生代」形象帶來的信任挑戰。隨著部分新型銀行營運多年且用戶數千萬且未出現問題,情況已有好轉,但信任落差仍在某些族群中存在。

Regulatory Grey Areas & Deposit Insurance Concerns: If a neobank is not a licensed bank itself, customers must understand who actually holds their money. In the U.S., for example, your Chime or Revolut USD account is actually held by a partner bank where it’s FDIC-insured. If the neobank’s app has a long outage or the fintech goes under, your money should still be safe at the partner bank, but the process to access it might be convoluted. In some cases, neobank users might not have full clarity on deposit protection – especially with crypto-related accounts (not government-insured) or if the neobank operates in a lightly regulated space. Neobanks also face evolving regulations; changes or crackdowns can impact their services quickly (e.g., a regulator might suddenly forbid a certain feature). In short, the regulatory setup can be complex, and while they operate legally, customers need to be aware of how their money is protected.

監管灰色地帶與存款保障疑慮:若新型銀行本身沒有銀行執照,用戶必須釐清實際資金是由誰保管。例如美國Chime或Revolut美元帳戶實際上存在合作銀行,受FDIC保險。如果新型銀行App長時間故障或破產,你的資金理論上還在合作銀行、安全有保障,但提領、取回過程可能繁瑣。有時用戶不一定完全清楚自己的存款保障狀況,尤其是加密貨幣帳戶(政府不保險)或銀行所處監管環境較鬆時。新型銀行也常面臨法規變動,一旦有新限制出台,服務可能迅速受到衝擊。簡言之,監管格局複雜,用戶雖然是合法使用,但要多留意自己的資金如何受到保護。

Customer Service and Problem Resolution: While many neobanks offer quick in-app chat support, some users have complained about difficulties in resolving issues that fall outside the norm. For example, disputing a transaction, dealing with fraud on your account, or other exceptional scenarios can be stressful without a physical branch to escalate to. Some neobanks have small support teams relative to their user base, leading to slow response times during peak issues. If your account gets mistakenly flagged for fraud (e.g., automated systems lock you out), getting it unlocked can take time when you can’t just visit a branch with your ID. This isn’t to say traditional banks are models of great service universally, but the human touch in complex problem resolution can be lacking in digital-only banks.

客服與問題處理:雖然許多新型銀行都有快速的線上聊天客服,但有些用戶反映,遇到非一般性問題時解決難度較高。例如申訴爭議交易、處理帳戶被盜領等突發狀況,如果沒有實體分行可親自協調,會讓人感到壓力。有些新型銀行的客服團隊規模相對用戶數很小,尖峰時段回應速度會變慢。如果帳戶被自動系統誤鎖為疑似詐騙,你沒辦法帶身分證去臨櫃處理,解鎖就得等更久。這並不是說傳統銀行的服務就都很好,但遇到複雜問題時,數位銀行的「人味」確實比較欠缺。

Reliance on Technology – Downtime Risks: Because neobanks are purely digital, if their app or website goes down due to a technical glitch, customers have no alternative way to access services during that outage. Traditional banks also have outages, but one could still withdraw cash from an ATM or visit a branch in some cases. With neobanks, app downtime means an inability to transact, which can be frustrating or even financially damaging if it occurs at a bad time. Similarly, any cyber-attack or data breach could temporarily halt services, though to their credit neobanks typically use very robust security measures (often more modern than some old banks). In essence, using a neobank means you’re highly reliant on your phone, internet, and the bank’s servers being up.

高度依賴科技-當機風險:因為新型銀行完全數位化,若App或網站碰到技術故障,客戶當下就沒有其他備用方式來存取服務。傳統銀行雖也有停機時候,但至少還可以去ATM領錢或直接去分行。在新型銀行,App當機即意味著無法使用帳戶功能,碰到不巧時機甚至可能影響財務。類似地,若發生駭客攻擊或資料外洩,也有可能暫時中斷服務,但必須承認新型銀行對安全投入也很強(常比老銀行現代)。總歸一句,使用新型銀行,就是在高度依賴你的手機、網路及該銀行伺服器正常運作。

For businesses, many of the above points apply similarly. A small business owner might love the low fees and easy invoicing of a neobank’s business account, but they might miss having a dedicated relationship manager or the ability to walk into a bank to discuss a loan. A startup might use a neobank for quick account setup, but later as it scales, it may need additional services (like international trade finance or large credit lines) that neobanks don’t provide, forcing a switch to a traditional bank.

對企業來說,以上許多面向同樣適用。小企業主可能很喜歡新型銀行企業帳戶的低手續費和簡單開立發票功能,但會懷念有專屬關係經理/業務,或能親自到分行洽談貸款的便利。新創公司可能先用新型銀行快速開戶,但隨規模擴大,若需要國際貿易融資、大額授信等傳統銀行才有的服務,最終還是得轉戶傳統銀行。

In weighing pros and cons, it often comes down to personal preference and needs. Neobanks excel in convenience, cost, and innovation; traditional banks still win on breadth of services and sometimes that tangible reassurance. Many people use a hybrid approach – keeping a neobank account for daily spending and a traditional bank for other needs. The good news is, competition from neobanks has pushed many incumbent banks to improve their own digital offerings and reduce fees, which benefits all consumers.

考量以上優缺點,最終還是取決於個人需求與偏好。新型銀行在便利、省成本和創新面大勝,傳統銀行則在服務完整性和安全感上勝出。不少人乾脆採混合模式—日常支出用新型銀行帳戶,其他需求再用傳統銀行。好消息是,這波競爭已推動許多老銀行精進自家數位服務與下降手續費,對大眾都有利。

6. Neobanks and Crypto – How & Why Neobanks Integrated Cryptocurrency

Given the tech-forward nature of neobanks, it was perhaps inevitable that they would intersect with the world of cryptocurrencies. In the past few years, an increasing number of neobanks have started offering crypto-related services – from in-app trading of Bitcoin and Ethereum, to supporting stablecoins or even exploring their own digital tokens. Here’s how and why this integration with crypto has come about:

鑒於新型銀行的科技導向,與加密貨幣世界產生交集幾乎是必然。近年來,越來越多新型銀行開始推出和加密貨幣相關的服務−從App內直接交易比特幣、以太幣,到支援穩定幣,甚至探索自家發行數位代幣。以下說明這種整合如何出現、以及背後的原因:

How Neobanks Offer Crypto Services:

Most neobanks enter the crypto space by enabling their users to buy, sell, and hold cryptocurrencies directly within the banking app. This typically takes the form of a crypto trading feature, where a user can convert a portion of their fiat balance (e.g., dollars or euros) into Bitcoin, Ethereum, or other coins, and vice versa. For example, European neobank N26 launched “N26 Crypto” in late 2022, allowing users to trade nearly 200 cryptocurrencies right from the N26 app. Behind the scenes, N26 partnered with an established crypto exchange (Bitpanda) to handle execution and custody of the coins – the user sees a seamless experience in one app, but Bitpanda provides the crypto liquidity and wallet infrastructure. Similarly, Revolut has offered crypto trading since as early as 2017; Revolut started with just a few coins and expanded over time, effectively acting as a brokerage where users can get exposure to crypto.

新型銀行提供加密貨幣服務的方式:

多數新型銀行切入加密市場,是讓用戶直接在App內買賣持有比特幣、以太幣等加密貨幣,通常以「加密貨幣交易」功能呈現,用戶可以直接將部分法幣(如美金、歐元)兌換成比特幣、以太幣等數位幣,或反向操作。例如,歐洲新型銀行N26在2022年末推出「N26 Crypto」,讓用戶直接在App裡交易近200種加密貨幣。幕後則是與大型加密貨幣交易平台Bitpanda合作,由Bitpanda負責執行交易與代幣託管—對用戶來說是單一App體驗,其實背後是Bitpanda提供流動性與錢包基礎設施。Revolut更早於2017年就推出加密幣交易,起初僅支援少數幣種,隨時間逐步擴增,性質近乎經紀商,讓用戶能輕鬆觸及加密貨幣資產。

Neobanks typically do not become full-blown crypto exchanges themselves; instead, they integrate via partnerships or in-house teams using third-party APIs. They add a “Crypto” or “Trading” section in their app where users can see their crypto balances alongside their fiat balances, making it easy to manage both in one place. Transactions are usually instant, with fees clearly displayed (e.g., N26 charges around 1.5% for Bitcoin trades). Some neobanks even allow scheduled buys or rounding up card purchases into crypto (similar to saving spare change, but into Bitcoin). Another service some offer is crypto rewards – for instance, offering cashback in Bitcoin instead of points. Neobank ZenGo (which is crypto-focused) provides a debit card that gives cashback in crypto. In the U.S., fintech app Current experimented with giving users yield by partnering with decentralized finance (though that was a pilot).

新型銀行通常不會自己成為大型加密貨幣交易所,而是透過合作夥伴或內部團隊串接第三方API。App裡會多一個「加密貨幣」或「投資交易」頁面,讓用戶能和法幣帳戶一起查看加密資產,方便同時管理。交易多半即時完成,手續費也都明確揭示(如N26交易比特幣約收1.5%手續費)。有些銀行還支援「定期定額買」或將卡片消費金額自動四捨五入換幣(把零頭存成比特幣)。另一些銀行推出加密回饋,例如消費回饋比特幣而非紅利點數。以加密為主題的新型銀行ZenGo,推出可拿加密貨幣回饋的金融卡。在美國,金融科技App Current也曾測試透過DeFi分潤利息給用戶(但那屬試點案)。

Beyond trading, a few neobanks have (段落未完,若需繼續翻譯請補充完整內容)explored supporting stablecoins, which are cryptocurrencies pegged to fiat currencies. In 2023, reports emerged that Revolut was considering launching its own stablecoin tied to the value of a fiat currency. While as of this writing Revolut hasn’t released a stablecoin, the fact that a major neobank is exploring it underscores the link-up: a stablecoin issued by a neobank could allow instant global transfers among its users, or integration into crypto payment networks. Some neobanks already let users hold and send stablecoins; for example, Bankera (a smaller European digital bank) offers crypto wallets with stablecoin support.

探討支援穩定幣,所謂穩定幣是與法定貨幣掛鉤的加密貨幣。2023年有消息指出,Revolut 正在考慮推出以法定貨幣為基礎的自有穩定幣。雖然截至目前為止 Revolut 尚未發行穩定幣,但作為一間大型新型銀行願意投入探索這一領域,凸顯了雙方的連結:倘若新型銀行發行穩定幣,將能讓用戶間進行即時的全球轉帳,或與加密支付網路整合。一些新型銀行已經允許用戶持有並傳送穩定幣;例如,Bankera(歐洲較小型的數位銀行)就提供支援穩定幣的加密錢包。

Why Neobanks Are Embracing Crypto:

新型銀行為何擁抱加密貨幣:

Several factors are driving neobanks to integrate crypto services:

有幾項因素正在推動新型銀行整合加密貨幣服務:

Customer Demand and Demographics: The user base of neobanks skews younger and more tech-savvy – the very demographic that is most interested in crypto investing. These customers were likely going to crypto exchanges or apps anyway. By offering crypto directly, neobanks keep those users engaged in their ecosystem and meet their needs. For instance, Bunq, a Dutch neobank, noted strong customer demand for crypto investments, which prompted it to add crypto trading in 2023 via a partnership with Kraken. Essentially, neobanks don’t want to risk users leaving their app to use a crypto platform; offering it in-app provides convenience (and retains users).

用戶需求與人口結構:新型銀行的用戶年齡層偏年輕,且更具科技素養——這正是對加密投資最感興趣的族群。這些用戶本來就可能會去加密貨幣交易所或相關 App。新型銀行直接提供加密貨幣服務,就能讓這些使用者留在自家生態系,滿足他們的需求。例如荷蘭新型銀行 Bunq 觀察到客戶對加密投資需求強勁,因此於2023年透過與 Kraken 合作,新增加密交易功能。本質上,新型銀行不希望用戶為了投資加密貨幣而離開自家 App,因此將這項功能整合進來既提供方便,也留住客戶。

New Revenue Streams: Many neobanks are still on the path to profitability and are looking for additional revenue sources. Crypto trading can be lucrative, as exchanges typically earn through trading fees or spreads. By enabling crypto buying/selling, neobanks can earn a fee on each trade. For example, N26 shares revenue with Bitpanda for trades made in its app. In the case of Revolut, crypto trading turned into a significant revenue contributor during boom times – Revolut’s “Wealth” division (which includes crypto trading) saw revenues grow 300% year-on-year, largely driven by crypto activity. In 2024, Revolut’s profits surged, with a substantial boost from crypto exchange use by its customers. This demonstrates that offering crypto helped some neobanks monetize their user base more effectively (especially during crypto bull markets when trading volumes are high).

新收入來源:許多新型銀行仍在努力邁向獲利階段,因此積極尋找額外的營收來源。加密貨幣交易帶來的利潤可觀,因為交易所多數仰賴交易手續費或價差獲利。新型銀行開放買賣加密貨幣,可從每筆交易中收取手續費。例如,N26 針對其 App 內的交易與 Bitpanda 分潤。以 Revolut 為例,加密交易在市場高峰時期成為重要收入來源——其「財富」部門(包含加密交易)收入年增高達300%,主要動能來自加密貨幣用戶。2024年,Revolut 的利潤大幅上升,加密貨幣交易帶來顯著貢獻。這也說明了提供加密交易功能能讓新型銀行更加有效將用戶資源貨幣化(尤其在牛市、交易量高漲時更為明顯)。

Differentiation and Competitive Edge: As more fintech apps crowd the market, offering crypto is a way for a neobank to differentiate its product. A few years ago, having crypto functionality was novel and could attract media attention and early adopters. Even today, not all neobanks provide crypto services – so those that do can market themselves as forward-thinking or a “one-stop-shop” for finance. It aligns with the innovative brand image that neobanks cultivate. For example, Wirex is a fintech that started as a crypto-friendly digital account and gained users by targeting crypto enthusiasts who wanted a debit card to spend their crypto.

差異化與競爭優勢:隨著越來越多金融科技 App 進入市場,導入加密貨幣成為新型銀行突出產品特色的方式。過去幾年,具備加密功能讓人耳目一新,有機會獲得媒體關注與早期用戶。即使至今,並非所有新型銀行都提供加密貨幣服務,有這項功能者可以強調前瞻思維,或打造「一站式金融服務」品牌形象。這也呼應新型銀行自詡的創新作風。例如,Wirex 一開始就是以加密友善的數位帳戶入市,針對想用加密貨幣消費的用戶提供簽帳卡,因而吸引了不少加密愛好者。

Enhancing User Experience (All-in-One Finance App): From a user’s perspective, it’s inconvenient to manage many separate apps for different financial needs. Neobanks are in a race to become the primary financial app for their customers. Adding crypto means users can see their Bitcoin alongside their bank balance, trade seamlessly, and even cash out crypto gains back to fiat in the same app. This convenience is highly valued. For instance, with N26’s integration, when users sell crypto it goes straight back into their bank account balance – no need to transfer money from an external exchange back to your bank. Such tight integration simplifies crypto investing for newcomers who might be intimidated by standalone crypto exchanges.

提升用戶體驗(全方位金融 App):站在用戶立場,要使用各種 App 滿足不同金融需求其實很麻煩。新型銀行因此積極競逐成為客戶的首選金融 App。加入加密貨幣功能後,用戶可以在同一個 App 內查看比特幣等資產、隨時交易,甚至可直接將加密獲利兌回法幣,一切一站式完成,這種便利性深受肯定。例如,N26 整合加密功能後,當用戶賣出加密貨幣,款項會直接回存於銀行帳戶,無須從外部交易所轉回銀行,對於剛接觸加密的新手更是降低上手門檻。

Bridge Between Traditional Money and Digital Assets: Neobanks often position themselves as bridging old and new financial systems. Crypto is an emerging asset class; by integrating it, neobanks strengthen their role as the bridge for users to seamlessly move between fiat and crypto. They handle the complex parts (custody, compliance) via partners, and present a friendly interface to the user. This is especially powerful for enabling things like cross-border remittances using crypto (senders convert fiat to crypto, move it, recipient converts back – all within one app). Some neobanks in developing markets see crypto as a way to offer cheaper international transfers or hedge against local currency inflation using stablecoins.

連接傳統與數位資產:新型銀行經常定位自己為傳統與新興金融系統的橋梁。加密貨幣是新興資產類別,納入這一領域後,新型銀行強化了用戶在法幣及加密之間無縫切換的角色。透過合作夥伴處理複雜環節(如託管、法規遵循),向用戶展現簡單易懂的介面。這對於像是以加密貨幣進行跨境匯款(發送者把法幣兌換成加密貨幣、移轉,收款者再換回法幣,而且全都在同一個 App 內完成)特別有利。部分新興市場的新型銀行更將加密視為提供低成本國際匯款方式,或利用穩定幣對抗本國貨幣通膨。

Future-Proofing and Innovation: From a strategic standpoint, neobanks don’t want to be left behind as financial technology evolves. Crypto and blockchain innovations like decentralized finance could disrupt banking further. By getting involved early, neobanks can learn and adapt. Some are experimenting beyond just trading: a few neobanks have looked at giving crypto custody solutions (safekeeping of digital assets) or enabling customers to earn yield on crypto holdings through partnerships. While regulatory uncertainty still limits some of these offerings, neobanks are preparing for a world where digital assets might become a routine part of finance.

前瞻佈局與創新:從策略觀點來看,金融科技持續演進,新型銀行不想被時代拋下。加密與區塊鏈創新(像是去中心化金融)有潛力進一步顛覆傳統銀行。新型銀行早早參與,得以快速學習並調整。有些更進一步實驗,例如提供加密資產託管服務,或透過合作讓用戶加密資產可以賺利息。雖然法規不確定性使某些服務尚未普及,所有新型銀行都在為未來數位資產全面融入金融業務作準備。

Examples of Neobank Crypto Offerings:

新型銀行加密貨幣服務範例:

Revolut: One of the first movers, it started offering crypto trading in 2017. Revolut users can buy, hold, and sell dozens of cryptocurrencies. While initially users couldn’t withdraw crypto to external wallets (it was more like trading IOUs), Revolut has since allowed certain crypto withdrawals. In 2023, Revolut even launched its own crypto exchange and was exploring creating a Revolut stablecoin. Crypto trading is cited as a big contributor to Revolut’s recent revenue growth.

Revolut:最早加入市場的先行者之一,2017 年開始提供加密貨幣交易。Revolut 用戶可購買、持有、販售數十種加密貨幣。雖然起初不能提領到外部錢包(比較像是帳面的加密持有),但後續已支援某些加密貨幣的提領。2023 年更推出自有加密貨幣交易所,同時也持續探索推出 Revolut 穩定幣的可能。加密貨幣交易正是近期 Revolut 營收成長的主要動能之一。

N26: Launched N26 Crypto in partnership with Bitpanda in 2022. It started in Austria and rolled out to more European markets, allowing easy trading of ~100 tokens. N26 emphasized the benefit that users don’t need a separate account – it’s all integrated.

N26:2022 年與 Bitpanda 合作推出 N26 Crypto,最先在奧地利開放,後來拓展到更多歐洲市場,允許輕鬆交易約 100 種代幣。N26 強調其一大優點就是用戶無需額外開戶,全在一個平臺搞定。

Bunq: In 2023, Bunq partnered with U.S.-based exchange Kraken to offer crypto investments to its European users. Bunq integrated Kraken’s crypto-as-a-service toolkit so that users could open a crypto account “in seconds” and trade 20+ coins inside the Bunq app. This move came alongside Kraken launching a broader service to enable banks/fintechs to provide crypto to clients.

Bunq:2023 年與美國交易所 Kraken 合作,為歐洲用戶提供加密投資。Bunq 整合 Kraken 的加密貨幣即服務(Crypto-as-a-Service)工具,用戶可以「幾秒內」開自己的加密帳戶,並在 Bunq App 內交易 20 種以上加密貨幣。這正值 Kraken 推出支援銀行/FinTech 代理加密服務的全面方案。

Cash App: While not a bank in the traditional sense (it’s a payment app with banking features), Cash App (by Block, Inc.) has been a major player in bringing Bitcoin to mainstream audiences in the US. It allowed Bitcoin buying/selling since 2018 and even supports Bitcoin Lightning Network payments now. Many consider Cash App’s crypto offering a template that neobanks followed.

Cash App:雖然不是傳統意義上的銀行(是附帶銀行功能的支付 App),但由 Block, Inc. 推出的 Cash App 已成為比特幣進入美國主流社會的重要力量。自 2018 起可買賣比特幣,還支援比特幣閃電網絡支付。許多人認為 Cash App 的加密貨幣服務樹立了新型銀行學習的範本。

PayPal: Again, not a neobank per se, but worth mentioning – PayPal (which has a huge digital finance user base) enabled crypto buying/selling in 2020 and in 2023 launched its own U.S. dollar stablecoin (PYUSD). This highlights the trend of major fintech platforms diving into crypto.

PayPal:同樣不是嚴格意義上的新型銀行,但值得一提——PayPal 擁有龐大的數位金融用戶群,自 2020 年起開放加密貨幣買賣,2023 年推出自家美元穩定幣(PYUSD)。這顯示大型金融科技平臺也紛紛進軍加密領域。

Xapo Bank: An interesting case, Xapo was originally a Bitcoin wallet provider that evolved into a fully licensed private neobank. It now offers USD and EUR accounts and also crypto services – even paying interest on deposits in either USD or stablecoins. It’s an example of a crypto-native company entering banking, which is the flip side of banks entering crypto.

Xapo Bank:有趣的案例,Xapo 原本只是比特幣錢包業者,後來成為拿到牌照的私人新型銀行。現在提供美元和歐元帳戶,以及加密貨幣相關服務——甚至對用戶存入的美元或穩定幣支付利息。這是典型的「加密原生」公司跨足銀行領域,正好與銀行進軍加密市場形成對照。

Overall, the integration of crypto into neobanking is still unfolding. Not every neobank has embraced crypto (some are cautious due to regulatory issues or skepticism – for instance, UK’s Starling Bank took a strict stance against crypto transactions citing fraud concerns). But a growing number see it as aligned with their digital innovation mission. They are effectively becoming crypto-friendly banks, aiming to be the place a user manages both old money and new money. This trend also reflects broader convergence in fintech: exchanges like Coinbase are adding bank-like features (debit cards, direct deposit), while neobanks add exchange-like features. The endgame could be a unified financial super-app where crypto is just another part of one’s portfolio – and neobanks are positioning to be that app.

整體來說,加密貨幣與新型銀行的整合仍在進行中,並非每一間新型銀行都全面擁抱加密(有些因法規風險或出於審慎態度而觀望,例如英國 Starling Bank 甚至以防詐理由封殺加密交易)。但越來越多業者將其視為數位創新使命的一環,正快速朝加密友善銀行邁進,目標成為用戶同時管理「舊金錢」與「新金錢」的首選平臺。這一趨勢也反映更大層面的金融科技融合:Coinbase 等加密交易所補上銀行功能(如發行金融卡、薪資直接入帳),新型銀行則導入類交易所功能。最終,極有可能出現以加密資產為標配的金融超 App,而新型銀行正在積極卡位。

7. Neobank–Crypto Partnerships – Notable Examples

7. 新型銀行與加密貨幣公司合作——知名案例

As neobanks venture into crypto, many have formed partnerships with established crypto companies to leverage each other’s strengths. These collaborations allow neobanks to offer crypto services without having to build secure trading platforms from scratch, and they give crypto firms access to large user bases of fintech apps. Here are some notable partnerships between neobanks (or fintech banks) and crypto platforms:

隨著新型銀行投入加密領域,許多業者選擇與成熟加密公司結盟,發揮彼此優勢。這類合作讓新型銀行無需從頭打造安全的交易平臺,即可上線加密服務;而加密公司則能借力金融科技 App 的龐大用戶群。以下是部分新型銀行(或金融科技銀行)與加密貨幣平臺的合作範例:

N26 and Bitpanda: One high-profile partnership is between German-origin neobank N26 and Austrian crypto exchange Bitpanda. Announced in 2022, this partnership powers N26’s in-app crypto trading feature. Bitpanda’s infrastructure handles trade execution and custody of assets, while N26 provides the interface and banking integration. This has enabled N26 to offer nearly 200 cryptocurrencies to its 8 million+ users without directly dealing with the complexities of crypto custody. It’s a symbiotic arrangement: N26 can expand its product offering (and earn commission on trades), and Bitpanda gains a large funnel of retail users trading crypto through a familiar bank app. This model has been successful enough that other fintech apps (like French app Lydia) also partnered with Bitpanda for offering crypto and stocks within their platforms.

N26 與 Bitpanda:德國新型銀行 N26 與奧地利加密交易所 Bitpanda 合作,是備受關注的案例之一。此合作於 2022 年對外宣布,成為 N26 App 內加密貨幣交易功能的基礎。Bitpanda 提供交易執行與資產託管的基建,N26 則專注於用戶介面與銀行整合。憑藉這樣的配置,N26 能為超過 800 萬的用戶提供近 200 種加密資產,毋須直接處理複雜的加密資產託管流程。這是互利共生的安排:N26 擴充產品線並可從每筆交易抽成,Bitpanda 則獲得大量習慣銀行 App 的零售用戶。此合作模式成效顯著,促使其他金融科技 App(如法國的 Lydia)也和 Bitpanda 合作,引進加密貨幣和股票服務。

Bunq and Kraken: In April 2025, Netherlands-based neobank Bunq revealed it teamed up with Kraken, one of the world’s largest crypto exchanges, to launch Bunq’s crypto service. Through this partnership, Bunq users in select European countries can create a crypto account almost instantly and trade 20+ major cryptocurrencies in-app. Kraken provided a Crypto-as-a-Service solution (called “Kraken Embed”) that Bunq integrated. This allowed Bunq to go live with crypto trading quickly, riding on Kraken’s secure trading engine and compliance framework. The partnership was mutually beneficial: Bunq met user

Bunq 與 Kraken:2025 年 4 月,荷蘭新型銀行 Bunq 宣布與全球最大規模加密交易所之一 Kraken 合作,攜手推出 Bunq 的加密貨幣服務。透過這項合作,指定歐洲國家的 Bunq 用戶幾乎能即時開設加密帳戶,在 App 內交易 20 種以上主流加密貨幣。Kraken 提供名為「Kraken Embed」的 Crypto-as-a-Service 解決方案,Bunq 直接整合後即可快速啟用加密交易,藉由 Kraken 的安全交易引擎與合規系統,更具效率與保障。這次合作雙方皆得利:Bunq 滿足用戶——demand for crypto investments, and Kraken showcased its plug-and-play solution for fintechs with Bunq as a flagship example. It’s worth noting Bunq’s positioning – they framed it as having “everything you need to save, spend and invest – including crypto – on one platform”. This indicates how central crypto has become in marketing a complete financial hub.
對加密貨幣投資的需求增加,Kraken 展示了其即插即用的解決方案,Bunq 作為招牌合作案例值得關注。值得一提的是 Bunq 的定位——他們將平台描述為「您在同一平台上就能擁有儲蓄、消費、投資(包含加密貨幣)的一切所需」。這顯示出加密貨幣已成為打造完善金融中樞行銷策略的核心。

Revolut and Paxos: Revolut initially did most of its crypto offering in-house, but there were reports that in the U.S. market Revolut partnered with Paxos (a regulated crypto brokerage API provider) to offer crypto trading in compliance with U.S. regulations. Paxos provides the underlying liquidity and custody, while Revolut handles the UX. This wasn’t heavily marketed, as Revolut positions the feature as native, but partnerships like these are common behind the scenes. Similarly, other U.S. fintechs like Wealthfront and Interactive Brokers partnered with Paxos to offer crypto.
Revolut 與 Paxos:Revolut 起初大多自家推出加密貨幣服務,但有報導指出在美國市場,Revolut 與 Paxos(受監管的加密貨幣經紀 API 供應商)合作,從而依照美國法規合規地提供加密貨幣交易。Paxos 提供底層流動性與保管服務,Revolut 負責使用者體驗。由於 Revolut 將該功能定位為原生服務,並未大力宣傳,但這類合作在幕後很常見。類似地,美國另一些金融科技公司如 Wealthfront 和 Interactive Brokers 也選擇與 Paxos 合作提供加密貨幣服務。

Chime and Crypto Exchanges: Chime (the U.S.’s largest neobank) hasn’t directly launched crypto trading, but it did allow connectivity with external crypto apps. For instance, Chime users can link their accounts to Coinbase or Gemini to fund crypto purchases. In some sense, the partnership is indirect – via open banking APIs that let crypto exchanges verify Chime accounts for ACH transfers. While not an official co-branded integration, it shows neobank and crypto platforms interlinking for user convenience.
Chime 與加密貨幣交易所:Chime(美國最大的數位銀行)尚未直接推出加密貨幣交易服務,但允許與外部加密貨幣應用連結。例如,Chime 用戶能將帳戶連結至 Coinbase 或 Gemini 資助購買加密貨幣。某種程度上,這屬於間接合作——透過開放銀行 API 讓加密交易所驗證 Chime 帳戶以進行 ACH 轉帳。雖非官方聯名整合,卻展現出數位銀行與加密平台為用戶便利而相互串連。

Visa and Crypto Rewards Fintechs: Several neobanks or fintech card programs have partnered with crypto platforms through Visa’s network. For example, Crypto.com and Coinbase launched their own Visa debit cards (letting users spend crypto via a card), which isn’t exactly a neobank partnership, but blurs lines between a crypto company and banking services. There are also fintech credit cards that give rewards in Bitcoin (e.g., BlockFi’s card, or Gemini’s card), effectively acting like neobank offerings with crypto tie-ins, done in partnership with card issuers and crypto brokers.
Visa 與加密獎勵金融科技:多家數位銀行或金融科技卡項目透過 Visa 網絡與加密平台合作。例如,Crypto.com 和 Coinbase 推出自家 Visa 簽帳卡(讓用戶能用卡片消費加密貨幣),雖不完全屬於數位銀行合作,卻模糊了加密公司與銀行服務的界線。也有金融科技信用卡以比特幣作為回饋(如 BlockFi 或 Gemini 信用卡),等同於數位銀行產品結合加密元素,與卡片發行商、加密經紀合作推出。

Traditional Banks’ Digital Arms and Crypto: We also see partnerships in cases where an incumbent bank’s digital-only spin-off integrates crypto. For example, Marcus (Goldman Sachs), while not offering crypto to retail, partnered with Coinbase to manage some of its operations and considered crypto offerings through its consumer app. In the Asia-Pacific context, Revolut partnered with Apollo in Singapore for crypto services compliance. And in Australia, neobank Volt (before its closure) had explored partnerships with crypto exchanges to allow funds flow between accounts easily.
傳統銀行的數位分支與加密貨幣:也有傳統銀行的數位子公司導入加密貨幣。例如,Marcus(高盛的數位銀行)雖未向零售端正式提供加密貨幣,但曾與 Coinbase 合作處理部分業務,並考慮在消費者應用中納入加密服務。在亞太地區,Revolut 在新加坡與 Apollo 合作,確保加密服務合規。在澳洲,數位銀行 Volt(結束營運前)亦有與加密交易所洽談合作,讓帳戶資金流轉更順暢。

These partnerships generally follow a pattern: the neobank provides the customer base and user interface, while the crypto firm provides the trading engine, liquidity, and regulatory compliance for crypto transactions. This division of labor makes sense – each side sticks to its core competency. It’s similar to how many neobanks partner with banks for fiat services; here they partner with crypto specialists for digital assets.
這類合作大致遵循一種模式:數位銀行負責用戶規模與介面,加密公司則提供交易引擎、流動性及法規合規支持。雙方分工明確,各自發揮專長。就像許多數位銀行與傳統銀行合作提供法幣服務一樣,這裡則是與加密專業機構合作推出數位資產服務。

From the user’s perspective, these tie-ups mean they can activate crypto features with a few clicks, often agreeing to some terms from the partner (e.g., Bitpanda’s terms) but without ever leaving the neobank’s app. The integration is deep enough that it feels like one service. For instance, in N26, your crypto portfolio is displayed right in the banking app interface, and you fund trades directly from your N26 account balance. In Bunq’s case, they even prepared educational materials within the app to guide new crypto investors, showing a joint effort with Kraken to make the experience smooth and informed.
對用戶來說,這樣的合作意味著他們只需點幾下即可啟用加密貨幣功能,通常需同意合作夥伴的相關條款(如 Bitpanda 的服務條款),但全程不需離開數位銀行 App。整合程度高,讓人感覺就像一站式服務。例如,在 N26 中,加密資產組合會直接顯示在銀行 App 介面,交易資金也直接由 N26 餘額扣除。Bunq 甚至於 App 內置教學資源,攜手 Kraken 指導新進投資人,讓流程順暢且資訊透明。

It’s also notable that some partnerships extend to crypto rewards and payments. For example, fintech app Fold (a Bitcoin rewards debit card) partnered with a small bank to issue the card and with Visa’s Fast Track program, showcasing a multi-way partnership: fintech + bank + crypto. While Fold isn’t a full neobank, it behaves like one with checking and Bitcoin cashback.
值得注意的是,有些合作更延伸至加密幣回饋及支付領域。例如,比特幣回饋簽帳卡應用 Fold 便與一家小型銀行發卡、同時加入 Visa Fast Track 計畫,展現金融科技+銀行+加密三方聯手。雖然 Fold 並非完整數位銀行,但提供活期帳戶與比特幣現金回饋,行為上已很接近。

Lastly, partnerships are crucial for compliance. By working with regulated crypto entities (like Kraken in Europe, or Paxos in the US), neobanks ensure that the crypto services are compliant with anti-money laundering laws and other regulations. This shields the neobank from some risk, since the partner handles KYC/AML for crypto transactions and the custody of assets in a compliant way.
最後,合作關係對合規尤為重要。透過與受監管的加密業者合作(如歐洲的 Kraken、美國的 Paxos),數位銀行確保加密貨幣服務符合反洗錢等法規,由合作夥伴負責 KYC/AML 及資產託管,大幅降低自身風險。

We can expect more such alliances. As crypto regulation matures, more banks (neo or traditional) will feel comfortable offering crypto via partnership. Likewise, crypto companies are eager to tap into mainstream distribution – being inside a popular banking app is a great way to reach new users who might not sign up on a standalone crypto exchange. The lines between banking and crypto services are increasingly intersecting through these collaborations.
這種合作可望持續增長。隨著加密貨幣監管環境逐漸成熟,愈來愈多數位銀行或傳統銀行會願意透過合作來提供加密服務。同時,加密公司也急於切入主流市場——在熱門銀行 App 內出現,是吸引未曾自助註冊交易所的新用戶極佳方式。銀行與加密服務的界線,正在這些合作下越來越模糊。

8. Top 10 Neobanks in the World (2025)

The neobanking sector has exploded globally, with dozens of players rising to prominence. Below are ten of the world’s leading neobanks (and digital-only banking platforms), selected based on their user base size, valuation, global reach, service breadth, and innovation. These are not ranked purely by one metric but collectively represent the cream of the crop in the neobank landscape as of 2025:
全球數位銀行(Neobank)產業蓬勃發展,無數業者迅速嶄露頭角。以下列出十家全球領先的數位銀行及純數位銀行平台,依據其用戶規模、市值、國際市場廣度、服務範疇及創新性來綜合選出。這不是單一指標排名,而是 2025 年數位銀行產業的佼佼者總覽:

  1. PayPal – The Global Digital Finance Giant: While some debate whether PayPal is a “neobank,” it operates as a digital-first financial platform offering payment services, bank-like wallets, and even savings and crypto trading. With 392 million active customers globally, PayPal is by far one of the largest online financial services providers. It has an $80 billion market cap and has ventured into crypto (enabling Bitcoin/ETH trading and launching its own PYUSD stablecoin). PayPal’s sheer scale and global reach (200+ markets) make it a cornerstone of digital banking for many, bridging traditional payments and modern fintech.

  2. PayPal——全球數位金融巨擘:雖然是否算得上「數位銀行」仍有爭議,但 PayPal 已是一個以數位為核心的金融平台,提供支付服務、近似銀行的錢包,甚至儲蓄與加密幣交易。在全球擁有 3.92 億活躍用戶,是網路金融服務龍頭之一。市值高達 800 億美元,積極進軍加密貨幣領域(開放交易比特幣、以太幣並發行 PYUSD 穩定幣)。規模與全球佈局(超過 200 個市場)使 PayPal 成為許多人數位銀行與現代金融科技之間的重要橋樑。

  3. Nubank – LatAm’s Purple Superstar: Brazil’s Nubank has emerged as the world’s most valuable neobank, with a valuation around $45–$50+ billion and over 100 million customers across Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia. Renowned for its purple credit card and app, Nubank revolutionized banking in Brazil by eliminating annual fees and providing a slick mobile experience in a market previously dominated by fee-heavy banks. It has expanded into lending, investments, and insurance. Notably, Nubank embraced crypto in 2022, allowing its Brazilian users to buy Bitcoin and Ethereum in-app, reflecting its innovative edge. With backing from investors like Berkshire Hathaway, Nubank is not only huge in user count but also a bellwether for fintech success in emerging markets.

  4. Nubank——拉美紫色巨星:來自巴西的 Nubank 已成為全球最有價值的數位銀行,市值約 450–500 億美元,用戶遍佈巴西、墨西哥、哥倫比亞,超過 1 億人。以標誌性的紫色信用卡和 App 聞名,Nubank 以零年費和先進行動體驗顛覆過去以高費用為主的巴西銀行業,並擴展至放款、投資、保險等多元服務。特別是 2022 年起,Nubank 讓巴西用戶可直接在 App 內購買比特幣及以太幣,充分展現創新優勢。獲巴郡等投資人加持,Nubank 不僅用戶規模龐大,也是新興市場金融科技成功的風向球。

  5. Revolut – The Global Fintech Super-App: Born in the UK and now serving customers across Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific, Revolut boasts around 50 million+ users worldwide (crossing 52 million by 2024). It started with travel money and low-cost currency exchange, but today Revolut offers everything from bank accounts, stock and crypto trading, to insurance and business accounts – truly aiming to be a “super-app.” Valued at $33 billion in its last funding round, Revolut is known for rapid innovation: it was one of the first neobanks to integrate crypto trading (now offering dozens of coins), and it continually adds new features (like budgeting tools, donation features, etc.). Revolut’s global ambitions and ability to localize (it obtained bank licenses in Europe, and is pursuing one in the UK and potentially the US) put it at the forefront of the neobank revolution. It’s often cited as the closest to a global neobank, though it faces the challenge of navigating many regulatory regimes.

  6. Revolut——全球金融科技超級 App:發源英國,服務橫跨歐洲、北美、亞太,用戶逾 5,000 萬(2024 年突破 5,200 萬)。起初主攻旅遊貨幣及低成本換匯,如今已提供存款、股票與加密貨幣交易、保險及企業帳戶等完整服務,是名符其實的「超級 App」。最新一輪估值 330 億美元。Revolut 以快速創新著稱——率先整合加密貨幣交易(現支援多種貨幣),並不停增加如預算規劃、捐款等新功能。Revolut 不只具全球野心,也能因地制宜(已取得歐洲銀行執照,正申請英國及美國執照),是最接近「全球型數位銀行」的代表,雖需面對跨國監管合規等諸多挑戰。

  7. Chime – US Challenger Champion: Chime is the leading neobank in the United States, with an estimated 20+ million customers (reports indicate 22 million in 2023). Focused on simplifying banking for everyday Americans, Chime offers no-fee checking accounts, early access to paychecks, and a savings account, all through an easy app. Its viral growth and heavy marketing have made it a top fintech brand in the US, especially appealing to those fed up with monthly fees at big banks. Chime has yet to delve deeply into crypto services, likely due to a cautious regulatory environment in the US, but it has solidified its position with features like credit builder cards and a large free ATM network via partnerships. With a valuation that was around $25 billion in 2021 (though the market has fluctuated since), Chime is a standout for proving a neobank can scale in the crucial U.S. market.

  8. Chime——美國挑戰者冠軍:Chime 是美國領先數位銀行,用戶超過 2,000 萬(2023 年報導達 2,200 萬)。主打簡化日常銀行服務,提供免手續費活期帳戶、提前入帳工資及儲蓄帳戶,全部透過簡潔的 App 達成。爆炸性增長和強力行銷使其成為美國頂尖金融科技品牌,特別吸引厭倦大銀行高額月費的族群。雖尚未深入發展加密貨幣服務,主要考量美國審慎的監管氛圍,但已靠信用建立卡、聯盟免費 ATM 網等深化市場地位。2021 年估值約 250 億美元(後有些波動),在美國市場證明數位銀行模式可大規模發展,是產業中的佼佼者。

  9. Cash App (Square) – Payments App Turned Neobank: Cash App, developed by Jack Dorsey’s Block, Inc. (formerly Square), started as a simple peer-to-peer payment app but has evolved to offer many banking-like services. It has about 50–57 million monthly active users as of 2024 – making it hugely popular in the US. Cash App provides users with a debit card, the ability to deposit paychecks, buy stocks, and crucially, buy and sell Bitcoin (Cash App was an early adopter of Bitcoin integration). While not a bank by charter, Cash App functions as a de facto neobank for many young Americans who use it as their primary account. Its integration of Bitcoin and even the Lightning Network for payments aligns well with crypto enthusiasts. Cash App’s success underscores how a fintech app can blur the line with banking, and its parent company Block’s focus on crypto innovation keeps it at the cutting edge.

  10. Cash App(Square)——支付應用躍升數位銀行:Cash App 由 Jack Dorsey 的 Block, Inc.(前稱 Square)開發,原本只是點對點支付 App,如今已提供許多銀行級服務。2024 年擁有約 5,000–5,700 萬月活用戶,在美國極受歡迎。Cash App 可辦理簽帳卡、工資入帳、股票投資,重點是早早整合比特幣買賣(是最早支援比特幣的主流 App 之一)。雖無正式銀行執照,卻作為許多美國年輕人主要帳戶運作,堪稱事實上的數位銀行。其對比特幣的深度整合,甚至支援閃電網絡支付,吻合加密圈需求。Cash App 的成功說明金融科技 App 能有效模糊銀行界線,母公司 Block 對加密創新的重視也讓它始終立於金融前線。

  11. SoFi – From Student Loans to Financial One-Stop: SoFi (Social Finance) is a U.S.-based fintech that began with refinancing student loans and expanded into a broad suite of financial services. Now a public company, SoFi has about 10–11 million members and offers banking (SoFi Bank – it obtained a national bank charter in 2022), investing in stocks and crypto, personal and home loans, credit card, and more, all through its app. SoFi’s

  12. SoFi——從學貸到一站式財務管理:SoFi(Social Finance)是一家美國金融科技公司,起初主打學生貸款再融資,後來發展為全方位財務服務。如今已上市,會員約 1000–1100 萬人,透過 App 提供多元服務,包括銀行(2022 年取得全國銀行執照並成立 SoFi Bank)、股票和加密貨幣投資、個人/房屋貸款、信用卡等。SoFi’s...value lies in its ecosystem approach – users are drawn in by one product (say, a loan) and cross-sold into using SoFi Money (checking accounts) or SoFi Invest, etc. SoFi has embraced crypto by offering trading of major cryptocurrencies within SoFi Invest, making it one of the first U.S. fintechs to do so in a regulatory compliant way. With a market cap around $6–8 billion in 2025 and continuing growth in its banking division, SoFi is often highlighted as a successful “fintech to bank” story and a major neobank player in North America.

價值在於其生態系統的策略——用戶可能會先被某項產品(比如貸款)吸引,再被推廣至使用 SoFi Money(活期帳戶)、SoFi Invest 等服務。SoFi 積極擁抱加密貨幣,允許用戶在 SoFi Invest 進行主流加密貨幣交易,使其成為首批在合規情況下提供加密貨幣交易的美國金融科技公司之一。預計到 2025 年市值約 60~80 億美元,其銀行業務持續增長。SoFi 經常被視為成功的「金融科技轉銀行」案例,也是北美重要的新型網路銀行之一。

  1. N26 – Pioneering European Neobank: Germany’s N26 was one of Europe’s first app-based banks, and has about 8 million customers across the EU (as of mid-decade). It’s known for its minimalist, user-friendly app and early expansion across Europe using a German banking license “passported” to other EU countries. N26 offered features like instant push notifications and Spaces (sub-accounts for savings goals) that set the standard early on. Although N26 had some setbacks (like withdrawing from the UK and US markets), it remains a dominant player in continental Europe. Valued at around $9+ billion in its last funding, N26 has continued to innovate – it introduced N26 Crypto in partnership with Bitpanda to allow crypto trading, and it’s exploring stock trading as well. N26 is often mentioned alongside Revolut as a European challenger success, though with a more European focus (fewer global ambitions than Revolut).

  2. N26 – 歐洲先驅型新型網路銀行:德國 N26 是歐洲首批 App 銀行之一,截至本十年中期(約 2025 年)擁有約 800 萬歐盟用戶。它以簡約、易於操作的應用程式以及早期憑藉德國銀行執照「護照」機制進軍歐洲多國而聞名。N26 提供即時推播通知、Spaces(儲蓄目標子帳戶)等功能,早早就立下了新型銀行標準。儘管 N26 遭遇過如退出英國與美國市場等障礙,它仍然是歐洲大陸主要業者。最後一輪融資估值約 90 億美元以上,N26 仍持續創新——攜手 Bitpanda 推出 N26 Crypto 加密貨幣交易,也正研究股票交易。N26 常與 Revolut 並列為歐洲挑戰銀行的成功案例,但其重心更偏歐洲(全球化野心不若 Revolut)。

  3. Monzo – UK’s Beloved Banking App: Monzo, famous for its coral pink debit card, is one of the UK’s leading neobanks with around 9-10 million customers by 2024. Monzo built a strong community through its beta launch and became a cultural phenomenon for a while among UK millennials. It offers personal and business accounts, lending, and has marketplace integrations for things like energy switching. Monzo hasn’t aggressively expanded internationally (a small US pilot aside), but in the UK it’s been a trailblazer for features like instant spending notifications, fee-free travel spending, and easy bill splitting. While Monzo has not focused on crypto trading services (as UK regulations and perhaps the bank’s own priorities have kept it more traditional in product scope), it has indirectly allowed connectivity with crypto apps and has been observing the space. Monzo’s recent moves into profitability (it turned a profit in 2023) and growing deposits show neobanks can mature into sustainable businesses. It’s valued around $4.5 billion (2022) and considered among the top tier of neobanks globally for its innovation and loyal user base.

  4. Monzo – 英國最受歡迎的銀行 App:Monzo 以獨特的珊瑚粉紅色金融卡著稱,是英國領先新型網路銀行之一,至 2024 年約有 900~1000 萬用戶。Monzo 靠 beta 版社群經營建立強大社羣,一度成為英國千禧世代間的流行現象。Monzo 提供個人與商業帳戶、貸款和能源切換等市集整合功能。國際拓展方面不甚積極(僅有美國小規模試點),但在本地市場持續創新,如即時消費通知、免手續費的國外消費、簡易分帳等功能。雖然 Monzo 沒有聚焦於加密貨幣交易服務(受限於英國法規及自身策略偏向傳統業務),但仍允許用戶間接串接加密貨幣應用並持續觀察領域發展。Monzo 近年來達成獲利(2023 年轉虧為盈)、存款增加,顯示新型銀行也能成長為永續經營的企業。2022 年估值約 45 億美元,以其創新與高黏著用戶被視為全球頂尖新型銀行之一。

  5. WeBank – China’s Mega Digital Bank: WeBank, launched in 2014, is China’s first online-only bank and is backed by tech giant Tencent. It operates primarily through the WeChat super-app. With a staggering 200+ million customers (some sources even claim over 300 million), WeBank is possibly the world’s largest digital bank by user numbers. It provides consumer and SME loans, payments, and deposit services all through digital channels. WeBank achieved scale by tapping into Tencent’s ecosystem (WeChat and QQ) for user acquisition. It’s highly profitable and has inspired similar models elsewhere in Asia. While WeBank does not engage in cryptocurrency (China bans retail crypto trading and ICOs), it has been innovative in blockchain on the enterprise side and in fintech infrastructure. WeBank’s inclusion in a global top list is important to note the scale achievable in populous markets through digital banking. It might not be well-known in the West due to its exclusively China focus and the fact that it doesn’t market itself internationally, but sheer size and success make it a top neobank globally.

  6. 微眾銀行(WeBank)– 中國超大型數位銀行:微眾銀行於 2014 年成立,是中國首家純線上銀行,由騰訊集團投資。其主要業務透過微信超級 App 運作。用戶數高達 2 億以上(有消息甚至稱超過 3 億),可能是全球最大用戶數的數位銀行。微眾銀行全程以數位化渠道提供個人與中小企業貸款、支付、存款等服務,依靠騰訊(微信與 QQ)生態系統實現用戶爆發性成長。該行高獲利表現,甚至啟發亞洲其它數位銀行模式。微眾銀行未參與加密貨幣相關業務(中國禁止加密貨幣交易及 ICO),但在企業區塊鏈應用及金融科技基礎設施上持續創新。微眾銀行能列入全球頂尖名單,顯示人口大國可藉數位銀行模式取得驚人規模。它雖然因專注中國市場與缺乏國際行銷而在西方知名度較低,但規模與成就讓它躍居世界一流新型網路銀行。

  7. Starling Bank – The Profitable Innovator: Starling is another UK-based neobank, smaller in customer count (3+ million customers, including many small businesses) but highly regarded in fintech circles. Founded by Anne Boden, Starling took a slightly different path by focusing not just on retail accounts but also heavily on business banking and offering Banking-as-a-Service to other fintechs. Starling became one of the first neobanks to reach sustained profitability (from 2021 onwards), proving the viability of the model. It offers a full checking account with lots of features, and has marketplace integrations with third-party financial products. Starling hasn’t integrated crypto trading into its app (in fact, it was cautious, temporarily blocking crypto exchange deposits citing risk concerns in the past). However, its strong fundamentals and innovative approach to banking (like providing payments infrastructure to fintech partners) earn it a spot among the top neobanks. Starling’s success, especially in SME banking (where it has a significant UK market share in new business accounts), demonstrates that neobanks can compete in multiple segments. With a valuation around $3 billion (as of 2022) and growing, it might not be the largest, but it’s influential and often referenced as a model for building a sustainable digital bank.

  8. Starling Bank – 獲利型創新者:Starling 是另一家英國新型網路銀行,雖然用戶數較少(300 多萬,包含大量中小企業戶),但在金融科技圈極受推崇。由 Anne Boden 創立,Starling 不僅注重零售銀行,也積極發展商業銀行與金融即服務(Banking-as-a-Service)業務。自 2021 年起成為少數持續獲利的新型銀行之一,證明了這個商業模式的可行性。Starling 提供功能豐富的活期帳戶,並與第三方金融商品市集整合。該行未將加密貨幣交易納入 App(過去更因風險顧慮,曾暫時封鎖加密貨幣交易所存款)。儘管如此,Starling 堅實的基本面與金融創新(如為其他金融科技公司提供支付基礎建設)令其名列頂尖新型銀行。Starling 在英國中小企業銀行業務尤具影響力(在新開設的商業帳戶市佔顯著),證明新型網路銀行能跨多個市場競爭。截至 2022 年,估值約 30 億美元並持續成長;雖規模不算最大,卻極具影響力,常被視為永續數位銀行的標竿。

(Honorable Mentions:) There are many other notable neobanks close on the heels of these ten. Wise (formerly TransferWise) isn’t a bank but offers multi-currency accounts to 16+ million users, playing a big role in cross-border finance. KakaoBank in South Korea has over 18 million users and a strong IPO debut in 2021, making it a major Asian neobank. Varo Bank in the U.S. made history as the first fintech to get a full national bank charter. And in other regions, players like Grab’s GXS Bank (Southeast Asia), TymeBank (South Africa), Yono/SBI Yono (India, via SBI), and Banco Inter (Brazil) are shaping digital banking. The top 10 list above, however, covers the most globally impactful names to date, spanning the Americas, Europe, and Asia.

(特別提名):除了前述十大新型網路銀行外,還有多家極具影響力的業者緊追其後。Wise(原名 TransferWise)雖非銀行,但其多幣別帳戶已擁有 1,600 萬用戶,扮演著跨境金融要角。韓國 KakaoBank 擁有 1,800 萬用戶,2021 年上市表現亮眼,已成亞洲重要新型銀行。美國的 Varo Bank 則創下首家獲得全國性銀行牌照的金融科技公司紀錄。各地還有 Grab 旗下 GXS Bank(東南亞)、TymeBank(南非)、Yono/SBI Yono(印度、由印度國家銀行推動)及巴西 Banco Inter 等,皆積極推動數位銀行。以上前十名業者,代表時至今日在美洲、歐洲與亞洲最具全球影響力的名單。

9. Regulatory Considerations and Regional Differences (EU vs US vs APAC)

Neobanks operate under the shadow of banking regulations, which vary significantly by region. Regulatory frameworks determine how neobanks can launch, whether they can call themselves “banks,” how they handle crypto, and how they expand. Here’s a breakdown of the landscape in Europe, the United States, and the Asia-Pacific (APAC), highlighting key differences and considerations:

9. 法規考量與各區差異(歐盟 vs 美國 vs 亞太)

新型網路銀行須遵循各地銀行監管法規,而不同區域的法規差異極大。監管架構決定了新型銀行能否成立、可否自稱為「銀行」、如何處理加密貨幣及擴張方式等。以下整理歐洲、美國及亞太區的法規環境重點及差異:

Europe (EU/UK): Europe has generally been a fertile ground for neobanks, thanks to conducive regulations and initiatives to boost competition. In the EU, regulations like the PSD2 (Revised Payment Services Directive) mandated open banking and allowed licensed fintechs to access banking data with user consent. This encouraged new entrants and collaborations. Many European neobanks started with an “e-money institution” license – which is easier to get than a full bank license – allowing them to handle payments and electronic money, but not to call themselves a “bank” or hold deposits on their own balance sheet. Examples include Revolut and Monese using e-money licenses in their early stages. However, the EU also provided pathways for full bank authorization; for instance, N26 obtained a full banking license from German regulators relatively early (2016), and others followed in various countries. An EU banking license can be passported across member states, enabling an entity like N26 or Revolut to serve many countries once authorized in one, albeit with coordination with each national regulator.

歐洲(歐盟/英國):歐洲因為營造有利監管環境及促進競爭的政策,一向是新型網路銀行的溫床。歐盟於 PSD2(修訂支付服務指令)後,開放銀行數據,規定經授權的金融科技公司可在用戶同意下存取銀行資料,鼓勵更多新創進場及合作。許多歐洲新型銀行一開始其實只拿到「電子貨幣機構」執照——相比完全銀行執照容易申請——可受理支付與電子貨幣,但不能自稱為「銀行」且不能自行吸收存款,如 Revolut 與 Monese 早期即採此方式。不過歐盟同時設計了申請完全銀行執照的途徑,如 N26 在 2016 年即取得德國監管機構發放的完整銀行執照,隨後有其他業者在不同國家跟進。歐盟銀行執照可「護照」至成員國,像 N26 或 Revolut 只要一國獲批,即可服務多國(雖然須配合各國監管協調)。

The United Kingdom, while now outside the EU, also championed challenger banks post-2010. UK regulators created a more accessible regime for new bank licenses, leading to the launch of Monzo, Starling, Atom, etc. The UK allowed a “mobilization” phase where a new bank could get an authorization with restrictions, launch in a limited way, then get fully authorized. The result was a vibrant challenger bank scene. The UK has also been updating its regulations around fintech and crypto – for instance, as of 2023-2024, the FCA has been tightening rules on crypto promotions, which could affect how integrated crypto services are marketed by fintechs.

英國雖然現已脫歐,卻在 2010 年後積極鼓勵挑戰型銀行發展。監管單位為新銀行設計較易取得新執照的規則,引發 Monzo、Starling、Atom 等相繼成立。英國祭出「動員期」──新銀行可在有限授權下以小規模運作,待條件成熟再獲完全執照。因此英國挑戰型銀行生態圈非常活躍。英國同時持續更新其金融科技與加密貨幣法規——像 2023-2024 年金融行為監理局(FCA)即收緊加密貨幣行銷規則,影響金融科技公司推廣加密服務的方式。

A key consideration in Europe is use of the term “bank.” Regulators insisted that only licensed banks use that term to avoid customer confusion. This is why Revolut, which lacked a UK banking license for years, marketed itself carefully and obtained a Lithuanian banking license to call itself a bank in the EU. Similarly in the U.S., we saw Chime’s disclaimer “Chime is not a bank” enforced – a similar logic is applied in Europe. Neobanks have had to make sure their customers know who is providing the underlying protections. European deposit insurance schemes (like the EU-wide €100k guarantee per bank, or the UK’s FSCS £85k guarantee) apply to licensed banks. So if a neobank isn’t a bank, it must clarify that user funds are safeguarded via a partner bank which has the insurance.

歐洲另一大重點是「銀行」一詞的使用。監管單位明確規定,只有取得完全銀行執照才能使用「bank」稱號,避免消費者混淆。這也是為什麼 Revolut 長期未拿到英國銀行執照時,極為謹慎行銷,在歐洲改取立陶宛銀行執照,才能自稱銀行。美國 Chime 陳述「Chime is not a bank」的案例,也是類似監管邏輯。新型網路銀行需明確告知用戶帳戶所受保障來源。歐洲存款保險計畫(如歐盟境內每銀行 10 萬歐元、英國 8.5 萬英鎊保險)僅限於持牌銀行適用。若某網路銀行並非持牌銀行,須明確告知用戶其資金由受存款保險的合作銀行託管。

Regarding crypto in Europe, regulation is moving toward clarity with the new MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation), expected to be in force by 2024/25. MiCA will create an EU-wide licensing regime for cryptoasset services. This could actually make it easier for neobanks to integrate crypto, as they’ll have clear rules to follow or partners who are MiCA-compliant. Already, European neobanks have been active (as seen with Bitpanda partnerships, etc.), but they had to navigate each country’s interpretation of EU directives. The EU is relatively open to innovation, as long as consumer protection is in place.

歐盟對於加密貨幣法規正朝清晰化邁進,新版 MiCA(加密資產市場監管)可望於 2024/25 年生效,建立全歐盟統一的加密服務牌照制度。這將讓新型銀行整合加密業務更容易,有明確法規可遵循,或直接與 MiCA 合規夥伴合作。事實上,歐洲新型網銀早已活躍於加密領域(如與 Bitpanda 等合作),但過去需因應各國對歐盟法規的不同詮釋。總體上,歐盟對創新採取相對開放立場,前提是消費者保護到位。

Regionally within Europe, differences exist: Germany’s BaFin is quite strict (N26 faced some regulatory constraints to slow growth until compliance caught up), France required some local specifics for banks, Lithuania became a fintech licensing hub, etc. But overall, the EU provides a passportable regulatory environment conducive to cross-border digital banks. The EU’s Second Electronic Money Directive also helped in establishing fintechs that aren’t fully banks.

歐洲各國內部規範也有差異:如德國 BaFin 極為嚴格(N26 就曾被限制放緩增長等待合規)、法國對外國銀行有特殊要求、立陶宛則因應法規寬鬆成為金融科技執照樞紐等。不過,大體而言,歐盟提供可「護照」跨境經營的法規環境,有助跨國數位銀行經營。歐盟第二號電子貨幣指令也促進了尚非銀行身分的金融科技公司立足。

North America (USA): The United States has a more fragmented ```regulatory system for banking, making life trickier for neobanks.
金融監管體系讓新型數位銀行(neobanks)的經營更具挑戰性。美國並沒有直接對應的「金融科技牌照」(所謂 OCC 提出的特別金融科技銀行牌照已因法律訴訟而擱置)。這意味著,如果一間金融科技公司想成為銀行,就必須收購一家現有銀行,或申請完整的全國銀行牌照(或是州立銀行牌照,再取得 FDIC 保險)。這門檻非常高;迄今只有 Varo Money 在 2020 年作為全新創立的純數位銀行,成功取得 FDIC 保險的全國銀行牌照。其他像 SoFi 則是收購小型銀行(SoFi 收購 Golden Pacific Bancorp)來加速轉型為銀行。

Most U.S. neobanks thus operate by partnering with chartered banks.
因此,大多數美國新型數位銀行透過與持牌銀行合作來運作。它們通常與 FDIC 保險的銀行建立夥伴關係,由該銀行代表 neobank 用戶持有存款。這也是為什麼 Chime 帳戶實際上由 The Bancorp Bank 或 Stride Bank 持有,Coinbase 的 USD 帳戶則由 MetaBank 持有等原因。合作銀行的名稱通常出現在細則說明中,帳戶的 FDIC 保險也是透過合作銀行提供。這種模式雖然可行,但就法律觀點而言,新型數位銀行實質上只是現有銀行的代理人。美國監管機構(如 OCC、聯邦儲備、FDIC、CFPB)一直密切注意這些合作關係,以確保合作銀行並非僅「出租」自家牌照而未對風險加以管理(所謂「rent-a-bank」問題)。2023 年初,在多起與加密貨幣有關的銀行倒閉事件後,美國監管單位亦非正式警告銀行注意與加密企業的合作——換言之,若新型數位銀行過度涉及加密領域,合作銀行可能會有所顧慮。

Additionally, the U.S. has stringent rules on bank terminology and consumer protection.
此外,美國對銀行名詞和消費者保護有相當嚴格的規定。CFPB 曾以 Chime 作為案例,要求其明確標示自己是金融科技服務,而非銀行。任何類似 neobank 的服務,只要自己不是受保銀行,就不得誤導客戶以為自己是保險機構。若 neobank 並非銀行,則還涉及到各州資金傳輸執照規定——許多金融科技公司必須逐州取得執照,才能持有或調度客戶資金(這通常很複雜,因此許多公司最後還是以合作銀行名義來解決)。

For crypto services in the US, regulation is in flux.
在美國,針對加密貨幣服務的監管處於變動狀態。金融科技公司若要提供加密服務,必須適當註冊(通常作為資金服務事業),有時還須取得州層級加密牌照(例如紐約的 BitLicense)。美國部分銀行對於 SEC/CFTC 如何劃分各類代幣的監管立場不明,因而非常謹慎。結果就是,美國新型數位銀行相較於歐洲,很少提供應用程式內的加密交易服務。SoFi 是個例外(必須由其經紀子公司獨立經營加密業務)。傳統銀行對零售業務大多回避加密貨幣(僅極少數允許金融管理產品中持有加密資產)。過於不確定的監理(例如某些代幣是否為證券)導致障礙重重。然而,市場興趣正在增溫——2023 年底已有多家大型銀行參與受監管的數位資產結算系統(Canton Network)試點並吸引機構投資人。未來若監管變明確(或立法通過),美國新型數位銀行擴展加密服務預期將加快。

APAC (Asia-Pacific): The APAC region is diverse, with different countries charting different paths for digital banking:
亞太地區(APAC):亞太地區國情多元,各國在發展數位銀行的路線上有其特色:

China:
中國:如前文所述,中國有如微眾銀行(WeBank)、螞蟻集團的網商銀行(MYbank)等巨擘,這些都是持有完整銀行牌照的數位銀行。最關鍵的是,中國禁止個人加密貨幣交易及首次代幣發行(ICO)。因此,中國數位銀行並不像西方 neobank 那樣整合加密貨幣服務。它們主要聚焦於 AI、大數據徵信,甚至是企業級區塊鏈作為後端運營(例如微眾銀行提供的 FISCO-BCOS 區塊鏈平台常用於供應鏈金融)。中國監理機構允許科技企業取得銀行牌照(前提是巨額資本與強烈政府監督)。微眾銀行能成功(4 億以上用戶)部分原因是中國國內對數位金融的政策支持,同時排除外國科技巨頭、將加密貨幣擋在零售體系之外。

Southeast Asia:
東南亞:東南亞近年來陸續核發新的數位銀行執照。

Singapore in 2020 granted four digital bank licenses (to Grab-Singtel consortium, Sea Group, Ant Group, and a Greenland consortium).
新加坡於 2020 年發出 4 張數位銀行執照(分別由 Grab-Singtel 聯盟、Sea 集團、螞蟻集團與綠地集團參與),這些數位銀行約於 2022–2023 年陸續上線(如 Grab 與 Singtel 合作的 GXS Bank 於 2022 年在新加坡開業)。新加坡監管機構 MAS 以平衡創新與嚴格監理著稱,同時透過支付服務法對加密貨幣交易所及錢包明確設立牌照規則。未來新加坡數位銀行有可能會整合加密貨幣或發行代幣化存款,不過初期仍以服務未被充分覆蓋的零售及中小企業客群為主。

Malaysia awarded 5 digital bank licenses in 2022 (to consortiums involving Grab, Sea, local banks, etc.), those banks are starting operations by 2024–2025.
馬來西亞於 2022 年發出 5 張數位銀行執照(得主包括 Grab、Sea 及當地銀行組成的聯盟),預計 2024–2025 年間開始營運。
Hong Kong issued 8 virtual bank licenses in 2019 (e.g., WeLab, ZA Bank, Mox by Standard Chartered), which have since launched and collectively acquired millions of customers.
香港於 2019 年發出 8 張虛擬銀行牌照(如 WeLab、眾安銀行、渣打的 Mox 等),這些銀行均已上線並累積數百萬客戶。香港初期規範虛擬銀行不得直接提供加密貨幣交易(但 2023 年眾安銀行已在監管試點下,為加密貨幣交易所客戶提供加密與法幣兌換,因香港正試圖成為區域加密中心而銀行整體步伐仍趨審慎)。

India:
印度:印度目前尚未發出任何「純數位銀行」執照,現行規定銀行須具備實體據點,金融科技多仿照美國模式與銀行合作。多家印度金融科技「新型銀行」(如 RazorpayX、Fi、Jupiter)僅為合作銀行的前端接口。印度央行一直較為保守,因金融穩定及國有銀行佔主導地位。對加密貨幣,印度監管極嚴,交易稅負重、過去曾禁止銀行業務往來(後被法院推翻)。因此,印度新型銀行並未整合加密服務,而是專注於用戶體驗與傳統產品的附加價值。目前印度正討論數位銀行牌照架構,2025 年前暫無具體定案。

Australia:
澳洲:澳洲近年積極發牌給新型數位銀行(如 Volt、Xinja、86_400 等),但也遭遇波折——Xinja 於 2020 年失敗,Volt 於 2022 年停業並退還存款,86_400 被國民銀行收購。澳洲審慎監理局(APRA)即便對新創銀行給予新牌照,也維持高標準監管,顯示充足資本與可行營運模式至關重要。澳洲允許這些新型數位銀行在取得執照後自稱銀行。部分存活者(如專注中小企放貸的 Judo Bank,以及實質以 Bendigo & Adelaide Bank 牌照運作的 Up Bank)展現一些成績。澳洲對加密貨幣屬合法且普及,但新型數位銀行大多未深度整合加密服務,反而是本地加密貨幣交易所(如 CoinJar)各自發行金融卡。澳洲對加密監管仍在發展中(持續討論哪些數位資產應視為金融商品等議題)。

Middle East:
中東:中東部分國家(如阿聯酋、巴林、沙烏地阿拉伯)積極推動金融科技。巴林批准了首家數位銀行(Bank ABC 旗下的 ila Bank)。阿聯酋有多項數位銀行計畫(如 Emirates NBD 的 Liv.,以及初創 YAP 等)。波斯灣地區加密監管不一:阿聯酋立志成為加密友善樞紐(杜拜設立 VARA 監督加密業),未來數位銀行有望整合加密業務。巴林允許加密企業進駐央行沙盒。這些地區常參考新加坡或歐洲,兼顧創新、風險與伊斯蘭合規。

In terms of regulatory considerations general to neobanks:
若論新型數位銀行的一般監理考量:

Capital and Prudential Requirements:
資本與審慎要求:申請銀行牌照即表示須符合最低資本額、持續資本比率(如巴賽爾協議 III 標準)、流動性比率等一系列要求。轉型為銀行的新型數位銀行也需依規辦理,這也是為何不少新創初期選擇避免直接拿銀行牌照,因成本高且資金被大量綁住。監管機構愈來愈關注新型數位銀行的商業模式可持續性,不希望有只會「燒錢」的新銀行最後倒閉。到 2025 年前,監理重點將聚焦這些銀行能否真正獲利並控管風險。以英國為例,監理機關已要求新銀行加強放款標準與營運韌性。

Operational Resilience and Security:
營運韌性與資安:全球監理機關高度重視數位銀行的科技中斷、網路安全。許多國家已引入強制性 IT 治理、事故通報規範,部分針對雲端服務建置指南(倘若銀行依賴雲供應商)。如 Stripe 的文章所言,監管架構正在現代化以適應數位模式,同時要求新型銀行強化風險控制(例如不能只靠 App,出事時卻沒有專線可聯絡)。

Consumer Protection and Financial Crime:
消費者保護與金融犯罪防制:新型銀行必須遵守 AML/KYC 規定,並接受詐欺防範等監管審查。事實上,有些新銀行發展太快以致遭詐騙集團利用其開戶流程(如出現身份詐欺開戶)。因此監管單位會調查這些金融科技如何驗證客戶與監測交易。同時強調費用透明、公平對待——如非真正銀行(無存款保險)的新型銀行,必須明白告知客戶;不得有誤導性行銷。

Regional Limitations:
地區限制:部分國家市場尚未對獨立新型數位銀行開放,主因為監管考量。barriers. 例如,在許多非洲國家,電信公司和銀行主導行動支付,獨立的新興數位銀行(neobanks)除了透過合作模式以外相當罕見。在拉丁美洲,除了 Nubank 之外,像墨西哥、哥倫比亞等地的監管單位設有金融科技執照,但同時要求特定的合規措施,從而形成進入障礙。新興數位銀行經常需要依據各國情況調整經營策略——在某些國家他們會直接申請執照,在其他地方則選擇合作或併購。

Crypto Regulations: 對於提供加密貨幣服務的新興數位銀行,他們必須開始應對完全不同的監管領域。他們可能需要申請匯款執照(美國),加密資產服務提供商註冊(在 MiCA 實施前的歐盟國家,或 MiCA 上路後的全歐通行證),甚至設立專門處理加密業務的子公司(如 SoFi 所做)。有些司法管轄區禁止銀行直接涉足加密貨幣——例如在美國,由於聯邦監管機構始終未明確允許銀行將加密資產納入資產負債表(除極少數如託管服務並事前申報),因此許多銀行持觀望態度。所以,很多新興數位銀行會將加密貨幣納入非銀行子公司經營,或選擇和交易所合作,讓此項業務受交易所執照規範而非銀行本身。這種模式未來可能會演變,例如若銀行獲准發行穩定幣或持有代幣化存款,那麼新興數位銀行對加密的整合將更深入。

Regional differences summary: 歐洲推動跨境數位銀行,有一套清晰但嚴格的發照路徑;美國則讓多數新興數位銀行進入夥伴銀行(partner-bank)模式,並需跨越聯邦與各州複雜的合規障礙,導致對於加密整合更加保守;亞太地區(APAC)情況多元——有些國家完全擁抱數位銀行,有些仍要求合作模式,加密政策從禁令到友好不一而足。各地監理單位都在追趕新興數位銀行現象,重點是確保這些金融創新業者安全、健全經營,真實為顧客服務且無過度風險。隨著新興數位銀行日益成熟,他們在合規上愈發接近傳統銀行,即使前端體驗仍有創新之處。

10. 新興數位銀行的未來與其在加密-金融科技生態系中的角色

經過過去十年徹底改變零售銀行業務後,新興數位銀行的下一步會是什麼?隨著這類銀行日漸成熟,以及加密和金融科技持續演變,未來勢必充滿挑戰與機遇。以下列舉邁向未來的重要主題:

Path to Profitability and Sustainability: 早期,新興數位銀行的核心指標是成長——快速獲客、擴展市場。但現在,聚焦點已轉向營收與獲利能力。許多新興數位銀行因基礎帳戶利潤率低,始終難以轉虧為盈。未來重點將在於變現:推出放款產品(創造利息收入)、高級帳戶或訂閱機制、以及其他產生手續費的服務。我們已經看到部分新興銀行推出付費高級方案(如 Revolut Metal、Monzo Premium),以多元服務增加收入來源。隨著創投資金不像過去容易取得,新興數位銀行必須走向自給自足。正面消息是已有成功案例——Starling Bank 已經轉虧為盈,Monzo 於 2023 年實現獲利,Nubank 在多年虧損後於 2023 年首次淨利潤。未來行業將進一步整併:較弱者可能被併購或退出市場,強者則擴大市占(甚至買下競爭者的客群資產)。整體而言,預期新創銀行數量減少,焦點將集中在現有業者做大做強。

Expansion of Services (Super-app Ambitions): 新興數位銀行愈來愈定位自己為金融中樞或「超級 App」。他們不想只是你查餘額的地方,而是要滿足所有金融需求,甚至拓展到生活服務(如優惠活動等)領域。這代表我們將看到新興銀行增加或強化各類產品:投資(股票、ETF)、保險、記帳/理財功能、電商合作,當然還有加密貨幣相關服務。有業內分析指出,2025 年以後能否在 App 內直接整合加密錢包和交易功能,將成為新興銀行的重要競爭力,讓數位資產管理變成銀行原生服務。未來甚至可能探索 web3 元素,例如用銀行帳號登入去中心化應用、或為代幣化資產提供託管服務。傳統與加密金融的整合將進一步深化——例如你可直接用新興銀行 App 申辦穩定幣貸款,或用加密資產做法幣貸款的抵押品。只要監理政策開放,這類混合服務就有機會落地。

Embedded Finance and Partnerships: 有趣的是,雖然新興銀行希望用戶所有需求都在自家 App 解決,但「嵌入式金融」意味著銀行服務會出現在非銀行平台上。新興銀行可能透過合作夥伴分銷自家服務。例如,叫車或電商平台可提供自有品牌銀行服務給用戶,實際則由新興銀行的 BaaS 平台技術支援。有些(如 Starling 的 Banking-as-a-Service、德國 Solarisbank,經常被視為「白牌」新興銀行)專攻此類路線。未來甚至可能出現由 Google 或 Amazon 經由與合規銀行合作提供帳戶的情況——本質上科技巨頭也成為新興銀行。這種生態下,現有新興銀行可選擇競爭或成為幕後助力,提供服務引擎。

Globalization vs Localization: 未來我們會看到策略的分岔。有少數新興銀行極力全球化(如 Revolut、Nubank 嘗試進軍新興市場),但大多數仍專注本地市場以確保利基領導地位。監管一直是銀行全球拓展的門檻——不像單純發布一個 App,銀行進入任何新市場都需取得當地核准。因此,未來格局可能演變成新興銀行「聯邦」:每大區域都有一至兩家龍頭,在部分地區互有重疊,但各擅勝場。然而,他們可能組盟或互連服務。例如歐洲一家新興銀行與亞洲新興銀行合作,聯手提供跨境服務。若未來有一天加密貨幣或穩定幣促進無國界金融流通,新興銀行即可利用這些通路服務海外人士或全球行動族(有些如 Bunq,明確瞄準「數位遊牧族」提供跨境金融)。

Role in Crypto-Fintech Ecosystem: 新興銀行非常適合擔任加密世界的進出口金流服務。目前,許多人是把錢從銀行轉到交易所才能進入加密貨幣領域。如果你的銀行本身就是交易所(或提供一鍵進出金功能),流程大幅簡化。隨著加密產業成熟,普羅大眾也許未必想自己管理錢包與私鑰,而願意將資產交由有保險、好用戶體驗與錯誤補救機制的銀行管理。新興銀行可以與加密平台合作,把合規處理好,同時用戶能輕鬆體驗數位資產。更進一步可以以友善方式串接去中心化金融(DeFi)——例如讓用戶透過新興銀行平台賺取 DeFi 利息,但由銀行當「保護傘」與中介者,屏蔽複雜度。有金融科技專家建議擁抱這種趨勢的新興銀行將具備顯著競爭優勢。我們可能會看到,例如新興銀行提供穩定幣帳戶,加速全球資金轉帳。事實上,有幾家穩定幣發行商(如 USDC 的 Circle)已積極尋求與金融科技及銀行合作,把穩定幣用作結算工具。新興銀行可以在後台透過穩定幣,提供幾乎即時、全年無休、費用遠低於 Swift 匯款的跨境支付——而對用戶來說,只看到 App 上一筆快速入帳。

Competition and Convergence with Traditional Banks: 傳統銀行也不會站著不動。大型業者已大舉數位轉型,甚至自創純網銀品牌(例如摩根大通於 2021 年在英國推出數位銀行 Chase UK,直接與 Monzo、Starling 正面交鋒)。未來,新舊銀行邊界將越來越模糊。新興銀行隨著擴張,產品線或許漸類傳統(甚至設實體據點),但傳統銀行則全面數位化、仿效新興銀行經營策略,最終對用戶來說「都是數位銀行」。我們已看到老牌銀行收購金融科技公司,或直接複製其功能。可能場景是新舊共存且進一步併購整合:有些新興銀行會被大銀行併購(如 BBVA 曾收購美國的 Simple,或澳洲 NAB 併購 86_400),而部分則繼續壯大甚至開始收購小型業者(Nubank 就收購券商 Easynvest 及其他公司擴充服務)。這種競爭將提升整體服務水準及降低費用,最終消費者得利。

Regulatory Evolution: 監理機關正從十年來的新興數位銀行經驗中學習。未來可能會看到更明確的數位銀行規範,例如美國將復甦專屬的金融科技特許、或針對營運韌性制定更嚴格規定。加密監管將對新興銀行的加密業務發展產生顯著影響——若有清楚規則且確保消費者權益,新興銀行將更有信心廣泛提供加密相關商品。反之,若監理突然嚴格(例如某些國家禁止銀行接觸加密資產),新興銀行就會大幅縮減該類業務。值得樂觀的是,現在愈來愈多地區的監理機關已注意到新興數位銀行的角色of fintech in inclusion and innovation, so they aim to strike a balance. For example, the European Central Bank has voiced support for innovation but within a stable regulatory perimeter.

在金融科技促進普惠與創新的過程中,相關機構力求取得平衡。例如,歐洲中央銀行曾公開表態支持創新,但前提是必須維持在穩定的法規框架之內。

New Technologies and Innovation: Neobanks will likely be early adopters of new tech in banking – be it AI, open data, or even central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). AI is already used by neobanks for personalized insights and fraud detection; going forward, AI-powered financial coaches or chatbots could become far more sophisticated, giving users tailored advice on saving, spending, or investing (and doing so proactively). If governments introduce CBDCs (digital fiat currency issued by central banks), neobanks could integrate them quickly as just another currency supported in the app – possibly speeding up settlement and lowering costs further. Neobanks might also leverage biometric security, open finance (beyond banking into all financial data aggregation), and other emerging trends faster than traditional banks, because they tend to have more agile tech teams and less legacy drag.

新科技與創新:數位銀行有望成為銀行業中新科技的早期採用者,無論是人工智慧、開放數據,還是中央銀行數位貨幣(CBDC)。目前人工智慧已被數位銀行用於個人化洞察和詐騙偵測;未來,AI驅動的理財教練或聊天機器人可能將變得更加先進,能夠主動為用戶量身打造儲蓄、消費或投資等建議。若各國政府推出CBDC(由中央銀行發行的數位法幣),數位銀行可望迅速整合並將其作為App中支援的另一種貨幣,進一步加快結算速度並降低成本。數位銀行因技術團隊更具敏捷性且較少舊系統包袱,在生物識別安全、開放金融(不僅侷限於銀行業,還涵蓋所有金融資料整合)及其他新興趨勢的運用上,有機會比傳統銀行更早領先。

Evolving Customer Expectations: The next generation of users will expect even more: seamless everything, instant onboarding with any provider, the ability to plug their bank into whatever platform they’re on (think banking through messaging apps, voice assistants, etc.). Neobanks will have to meet users where they are. We may see deeper integration of banking with social media or other daily tools, either through APIs or being part of super-apps. Crypto’s influence here might be that users begin to expect things like instant settlement (since blockchain transactions can be faster than bank transfers) or transparency and control (like being able to see exactly where their money is invested or yield is coming from). Neobanks could respond by adopting some of those blockchain-inspired features even within traditional finance operations.

用戶期望的演變:新一代使用者將期待更多——一切無縫連接、可以隨時加入任何服務供應商,並將自己的銀行帳戶串接到各種平台(例如經由即時通訊軟體、語音助理等來辦理銀行業務)。數位銀行必須主動在用戶所在之處為他們提供服務。我們可能會看到銀行服務與社群媒體或其他日常工具的更深層整合,不論是透過API串接,或直接成為超級應用程式的一部分。加密貨幣的影響則在於,用戶會開始期待如即時結算(因為區塊鏈交易速度可快於傳統銀行轉帳)、或更高的透明度與主控權(例如能隨時查詢資金投資去向或收益來源)。數位銀行甚至有可能將這些受區塊鏈啟發的特色引進傳統金融操作之中。

In the evolving crypto-fintech ecosystem, neobanks are poised to play a central bridging role. They have millions of users comfortable with digital finance, and they can introduce those users to the crypto world in a safer, more user-friendly manner. Conversely, for the crypto industry, neobanks represent trusted channels to bring crypto to the masses under a regulated umbrella. The collaboration between the two could significantly accelerate mainstream adoption of digital assets – for example, one day checking your bank account and seeing not just your cash balance and stock portfolio but also your crypto holdings and maybe your NFT collectibles, all in one financial dashboard.

隨著加密貨幣與金融科技生態系的演變,數位銀行有望扮演關鍵橋樑的角色。他們擁有數百萬個已習慣數位金融的用戶,能以更安全、友善的方式將這些用戶引介至加密世界。反過來看,對加密產業而言,數位銀行則是將加密貨幣以合規、可信的方式帶給普羅大眾的重要管道。這兩者的合作可望顯著加速數位資產的大眾化——例如未來有一天,用戶開啟自己的銀行帳戶時,不僅可以看到現金餘額與證券投資組合,還能一併管理自己的加密資產,甚至NFT收藏品,全都在同一個財務儀表板中。

However, the future will not be without hiccups. We may see some high-profile failures or scandals if a neobank mismanages risk or a crypto integration goes wrong (security breaches, etc.). Each such event will be a test of consumer trust in fintech. Yet, the trajectory so far indicates that digital-first banking isn’t a fad – it’s the new normal. The term “neobank” itself might fade once all banks are essentially digital to the customer. But the spirit of neobanks – innovation, inclusion, and user-centric design – will continue to shape finance. They’ve moved the needle on what customers expect from their financial institutions. And as they incorporate crypto and other fintech innovations, neobanks may well be the ones to finally harmonize traditional finance with the decentralized finance world, creating an ecosystem where moving between fiat and crypto is seamless and the benefits of both are available to users. In conclusion, the future of neobanks is one of integration: integrating more services, integrating with the lives of users more deeply, and integrating the old and new paradigms of money.

然而,未來仍難免遇到波折。如果數位銀行風險管理失當,或是加密貨幣整合失敗(例如安全漏洞等),可能會出現一些備受矚目的失敗或醜聞。每一次事件都將考驗消費者對金融科技的信任。不過,目前的發展軌跡顯示,數位優先銀行已非過眼雲煙,而是新常態。當所有銀行服務本質都完全數位化後,「數位銀行」這詞本身或許會消失。但數位銀行所代表的精神——創新、普惠與以用戶為核心的設計——將會持續塑造金融業態。他們已經改變了顧客對金融機構的期待。而隨著數位銀行持續導入加密貨幣及其他金融科技創新,他們極有可能成為最終讓傳統金融與去中心化金融和諧整合的領航者,創造一個用戶可無縫流轉法幣與加密貨幣、享受兩者優勢的生態系。總結來說,數位銀行的未來即是「整合」:整合更多服務、與用戶生活更深度結合,並跨越新舊金錢範式,創造嶄新的金融環境。

免責聲明與風險警告: 本文提供的資訊僅供教育與參考用途,並基於作者觀點,不構成財務、投資、法律或稅務建議。 加密貨幣資產具有高度波動性並伴隨高風險,包括可能損失全部或大部分投資金額。買賣或持有加密資產可能並不適合所有投資者。 本文中所表達的觀點僅代表作者立場,不代表 Yellow、其創辦人或管理層的官方政策或意見。 請務必自行進行充分研究(D.Y.O.R.),並在做出任何投資決策前諮詢持牌金融專業人士。
什麼是新型銀行(Neobanks)及其如何擁抱數位貨幣 | Yellow.com